Neuroscience: An Arousal Circuit that Senses Danger in Sleep
| Autor: | John H. Peever, HanHee Lee |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Neurons Basal forebrain Basal Forebrain Biology Sleep in non-human animals General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Article Arousal 03 medical and health sciences Mice 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine medicine.anatomical_structure Parvalbumins medicine Animals Neuron General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Sleep Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Brain circuitry |
| Zdroj: | Curr Biol |
| ISSN: | 1879-0445 |
| Popis: | The ability to rapidly arouse from sleep is important for survival. However, increased arousals in patients with sleep apnea and other disorders prevent restful sleep, and contribute to cognitive, metabolic and physiologic dysfunction [1, 2]. Little is currently known about which neural systems mediate these brief arousals, hindering the development of treatments which restore normal sleep. The basal forebrain (BF) receives inputs from many nuclei of the ascending arousal system including the brainstem parabrachial neurons which promote arousal in response to elevated blood carbon dioxide levels, as seen in sleep apnea [3]. Optical inhibition of the terminals of parabrachial neurons in the BF impairs cortical arousals to hypercarbia [4], but which BF cell types mediate cortical arousals in response to hypercarbia or other sensory stimuli is unknown. Here we tested the role of BF parvalbumin (PV) neurons in arousal using optogenetic techniques in mice. Optical stimulation of BF-PV neurons produced rapid transitions to wakefulness from non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep but did not affect REM-wakefulness transitions. Unlike previous studies of BF glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons, arousals induced by stimulation of BF-PV neurons were brief and only slightly increased total wake time, reminiscent of clinical findings in sleep apnea [5, 6]. Bilateral optical inhibition of BF-PV neurons increased the latency to arousal produced by exposure to hypercarbia or auditory stimuli. Thus, BF-PV neurons are an important component of the brain circuitry which generates brief arousals from sleep in response to stimuli which may indicate physiological dysfunction or danger to the organism. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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