Associations between Pathogens in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Young Children: Interplay between Viruses and Bacteria
| Autor: | Xinhui Wang, Elske J. M. van Gils, Astrid A. T. M. Bosch, Chantal Wb Boonacker, Jacob P. Bruin, Wouter A. A. de Steenhuijsen Piters, John W. A. Rossen, Reinier H. Veenhoven, Giske Biesbroek, Debby Bogaert, Menno R. van den Bergh, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD) |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pulmonology viruses Respiratory System Colony Count Microbial lcsh:Medicine STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE Disease HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE medicine.disease_cause Pediatrics COLONIZATION Haemophilus influenzae Risk Factors Nasopharynx Odds Ratio Respiratory system lcsh:Science Respiratory Tract Infections Multidisciplinary Ecology biology SYNCYTIAL VIRUS RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL Biota MICROBIOTA COMMUNITY Lower Respiratory Tract Infections medicine.anatomical_structure Staphylococcus aureus Child Preschool PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE CARRIAGE Viruses Medicine Female Research Article Pediatric Pulmonology Microbial Ecology Microbiology Streptococcus pneumoniae Upper Respiratory Tract Infections medicine Humans Biology Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS Bacteria lcsh:R Infant Pathogenic bacteria biology.organism_classification Otorhinolaryngology Respiratory Infections Immunology Microbial Interactions lcsh:Q Respiratory tract |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e47711 (2012) PLoS ONE, 7(10):e47711. PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0047711 |
| Popis: | Background: High rates of potentially pathogenic bacteria and respiratory viruses can be detected in the upper respiratory tract of healthy children. Investigating presence of and associations between these pathogens in healthy individuals is still a rather unexplored field of research, but may have implications for interpreting findings during disease.Methodology/Principal Findings: We selected 986 nasopharyngeal samples from 433 6- to 24-month-old healthy children that had participated in a randomized controlled trial. We determined the presence of 20 common respiratory viruses using real-time PCR. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus were identified by conventional culture methods. Information on risk factors was obtained by questionnaires. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses followed by partial correlation analysis to identify the overall pattern of associations. S. pneumoniae colonization was positively associated with the presence of H. influenzae (adjusted odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.18-2.16), M. catarrhalis (1.78, 1.29-2.47), human rhinoviruses (1.63, 1.19-2.22) and enteroviruses (1.97, 1.26-3.10), and negatively associated with S. aureus presence (0.59, 0.35-0.98). H. influenzae was positively associated with human rhinoviruses (1.63, 1.22-2.18) and respiratory syncytial viruses (2.78, 1.06-7.28). M. catarrhalis colonization was positively associated with coronaviruses (1.99, 1.01-3.93) and adenoviruses (3.69, 1.29-10.56), and negatively with S. aureus carriage (0.42, 0.25-0.69). We observed a strong positive association between S. aureus and influenza viruses (4.87, 1.59-14.89). In addition, human rhinoviruses and enteroviruses were positively correlated (2.40, 1.66-3.47), as were enteroviruses and human bocavirus, WU polyomavirus, parainfluenza viruses, and human parechovirus. A negative association was observed between human rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.Conclusions/Significance: Our data revealed high viral and bacterial prevalence rates and distinct bacterial-bacterial, viral-bacterial and viral-viral associations in healthy children, hinting towards the complexity and potential dynamics of microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract. This warrants careful consideration when associating microbial presence with specific respiratory diseases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|