HIV-1 Persistence and Chronic Induction of Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages
| Autor: | Suryaram Gummuluru, Hisashi Akiyama |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
0301 basic medicine Cart PAMPs Anti-HIV Agents lcsh:QR1-502 HIV Infections Viremia Inflammation Review macrophage Virus lcsh:Microbiology Proinflammatory cytokine 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Downregulation and upregulation Virology Animals Humans Medicine Macrophage persistent viral RNA expression Innate immune system business.industry Macrophages virus diseases HIV medicine.disease Immunity Innate 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Immunology HIV-1 medicine.symptom intron-containing RNA business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery chronic innate immune activation |
| Zdroj: | Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 711, p 711 (2020) Viruses |
| ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
| Popis: | A hallmark of HIV-1 infection is chronic inflammation, which plays a significant role in disease pathogenesis. Acute HIV infection induces robust inflammatory responses, which are insufficient to prevent or eliminate virus in mucosal tissues. While establishment of viral set-point is coincident with downregulation of acute innate responses, systemic inflammatory responses persist during the course of chronic HIV infection. Since the introduction of combination antiviral therapy (cART), most HIV-1+ individuals can suppress viremia under detection levels for decades. However, chronic immune activation persists and has been postulated to cause HIV associated non-AIDS complications (HANA). Importantly, inflammatory cytokines and activation markers associated with macrophages are strongly and selectively correlated with the incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), cardiovascular dysfunctions (CVD) and other HANA conditions. In this review, we discuss the roles of macrophages in facilitating viral persistence and contributing to generation of persistent inflammatory responses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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