Do influenza and pneumococcal vaccines prevent community-acquired respiratory infections among older people with diabetes and does this vary by chronic kidney disease? A cohort study using electronic health records
| Autor: | Jennifer K Quint, Dorothea Nitsch, Helen Mcdonald, Sara L. Thomas, Elizabeth R C Millett |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Influenza vaccine Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 030232 urology & nephrology Pneumococcal Infections 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine Lower respiratory tract infection Chronic Kidney Disease medicine Adult Diabetes 030212 general & internal medicine Epidemiology/Health Services Research Intensive care medicine business.industry Retrospective cohort study medicine.disease 3. Good health Vaccination Pneumonia Pneumococcal infections Pneumococcal vaccine business Vaccine Cohort study |
| Zdroj: | BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care |
| ISSN: | 2052-4897 |
| Popis: | Objective: We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on reducing the burden of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) among older people with diabetes, and whether this varied by chronic kidney disease status. Research design and methods: We used linked UK electronic health records for a retrospective cohort study of 190,492 patients ≥65 years with diabetes mellitus and no history of renal replacement therapy, 1997–2011. We included community-acquired LRTIs managed in primary or secondary care. Infection incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. Pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as (1 – effect measure). To estimate influenza VE a ratio-of-ratios analysis (winter effectiveness/summer effectiveness) was used to address confounding by indication. Final VE estimates were stratified according to estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria status. Results: Neither influenza nor pneumococcal vaccine uptake varied according to CKD status. Pneumococcal VE was 22% (95%CI: 11–31) against community-acquired pneumonia for the first year after vaccination, but was negligible after five years. In the ratio-of-ratios analysis, current influenza vaccination had 7% effectiveness for preventing community-acquired LRTI (95%CI: 3–12). Pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness was lower among patients with a history of proteinuria than among patients without proteinuria (p=0.04), but otherwise this study did not identify variation in pneumococcal or influenza VE by markers of CKD. Conclusions: The public health benefits of influenza vaccine may be modest among older people with diabetes. Pneumococcal vaccination protection against community-acquired pneumonia declines swiftly: alternative vaccination schedules should be investigated. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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