Developments in Biodosimetry Methods for Triage, with a Focus on X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance In Vivo Fingernail Dosimetry
| Autor: | Harold M. Swartz, Wilson Schreiber, D. S. Tipikin, Ann Barry Flood, Oleg Y. Grinberg, Steven Swarts, Jason W. Sidabras, Maciej M. Kmiec, Victoria A. Wood, Sergey Petryakov, Benjamin B. Williams |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Epidemiology Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Instrumentation Radiation Dosage Signal Mechanotransduction Cellular Article 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging 03 medical and health sciences Resonator 0302 clinical medicine Biodosimetry Sampling (signal processing) Dosimetry Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Detection theory Radiometry integumentary system Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Nail plate Nails 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Biological Assay Triage Biomedical engineering |
| Popis: | Instrumentation and application methodologies for rapidly and accurately estimating individual ionizing radiation dose are needed for on-site triage in a radiological/nuclear event. One such methodology is an in vivo X-band, electron paramagnetic resonance, physically based dosimetry method to directly measure the radiation-induced signal in fingernails. The primary components under development are key instrument features, such as resonators with unique geometries that allow for large sampling volumes but limit radiation-induced signal measurements to the nail plate, and methodological approaches for addressing interfering signals in the nail and for calibrating dose from radiation-induced signal measurements. One resonator development highlighted here is a surface resonator array designed to reduce signal detection losses due to the soft tissues underlying the nail plate. Several surface resonator array geometries, along with ergonomic features to stabilize fingernail placement, have been tested in tissue-equivalent nail models and in vivo nail measurements of healthy volunteers using simulated radiation-induced signals in their fingernails. These studies demonstrated radiation-induced signal detection sensitivities and quantitation limits approaching the clinically relevant range of ≤ 10 Gy. Studies of the capabilities of the current instrument suggest that a reduction in the variability in radiation-induced signal measurements can be obtained with refinements to the surface resonator array and ergonomic features of the human interface to the instrument. Additional studies are required before the quantitative limits of the assay can be determined for triage decisions in a field application of dosimetry. These include expanded in vivo nail studies and associated ex vivo nail studies to provide informed approaches to accommodate for a potential interfering native signal in the nails when calculating the radiation-induced signal from the nail plate spectral measurements and to provide a method for calibrating dose estimates from the radiation-induced signal measurements based on quantifying experiments in patients undergoing total-body irradiation or total-skin electron therapy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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