The Phospholipase C Isozymes and Their Regulation
| Autor: | John Sondek, Aurelie Gresset, T. Kendall Harden |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Models
Molecular Phosphatidylinositol 4 5-Diphosphate Small G Protein Inositol 1 4 5-Trisphosphate Biology Isozyme Second Messenger Systems Article Protein Structure Secondary Diglycerides chemistry.chemical_compound Heterotrimeric G protein Animals Humans Phosphatidylinositol Phosphorylation Diacylglycerol kinase Phospholipase C Lipid signaling Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins Cell biology Protein Structure Tertiary Enzyme Activation Isoenzymes Eukaryotic Cells Biochemistry chemistry Gene Expression Regulation Type C Phospholipases Second messenger system |
| Zdroj: | Scopus-Elsevier Subcellular Biochemistry ISBN: 9789400730113 |
| Popis: | The physiological effects of many extracellular neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, and other stimuli are mediated by receptor-promoted activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and consequential activation of inositol lipid signaling pathways. These signaling responses include the classically described conversion of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)P(2) to the Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger inositol(1,4,5)P(3) and the protein kinase C-activating second messenger diacylglycerol as well as alterations in membrane association or activity of many proteins that harbor phosphoinositide binding domains. The 13 mammalian PLCs elaborate a minimal catalytic core typified by PLC-d to confer multiple modes of regulation of lipase activity. PLC-b isozymes are activated by Gaq- and Gbg-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and activation of PLC-g isozymes occurs through phosphorylation promoted by receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. PLC-e and certain members of the PLC-b and PLC-g subclasses of isozymes are activated by direct binding of small G proteins of the Ras, Rho, and Rac subfamilies of GTPases. Recent high resolution three dimensional structures together with biochemical studies have illustrated that the X/Y linker region of the catalytic core mediates autoinhibition of most if not all PLC isozymes. Activation occurs as a consequence of removal of this autoinhibition. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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