A Review on the Lignin Biopolymer and Its Integration in the Elaboration of Sustainable Materials
| Autor: | Isabel Carrillo-Varela, Mirko Faccini, Claudia Vidal, Francisco Vásquez-Garay, Regis Teixeira Mendonça, Pablo Reyes-Contreras |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Chemical process
Materials science lignin valorization Geography Planning and Development Organosolv lcsh:TJ807-830 lcsh:Renewable energy sources lignin 02 engineering and technology pulping processes Management Monitoring Policy and Law engineering.material 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Lignin lcsh:Environmental sciences lcsh:GE1-350 biocomposites Polymer science 010405 organic chemistry Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants Epoxy Chemical industry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 0104 chemical sciences lcsh:TD194-195 chemistry visual_art sustainable materials visual_art.visual_art_medium engineering Biopolymer Adhesive 0210 nano-technology business Kraft paper biomaterials |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 2697, p 2697 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| Popis: | Lignin is one of the wood and plant cell wall components that is available in large quantities in nature. Its polyphenolic chemical structure has been of interest for valorization and industrial application studies. Lignin can be obtained from wood by various delignification chemical processes, which give it a structure and specific properties that will depend on the plant species. Due to the versatility and chemical diversity of lignin, the chemical industry has focused on its use as a viable alternative of renewable raw material for the synthesis of new and sustainable biomaterials. However, its structure is complex and difficult to characterize, presenting some obstacles to be integrated into mixtures for the development of polymers, fibers, and other materials. The objective of this review is to present a background of the structure, biosynthesis, and the main mechanisms of lignin recovery from chemical processes (sulfite and kraft) and sulfur-free processes (organosolv) and describe the different forms of integration of this biopolymer in the synthesis of sustainable materials. Among these applications are phenolic adhesive resins, formaldehyde-free resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane foams, carbon fibers, hydrogels, and 3D printed composites. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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