Short Daily Exposure to Environmental Enrichment, Fluoxetine, or Their Combination Reverses Deterioration of the Coat and Anhedonia Behaviors with Differential Effects on Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Chronically Stressed Mice
| Autor: | Gerardo Ramírez-Rodríguez, Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera, Leonardo Ortiz-López, Erika Estrada-Camarena, David Meneses-San Juan, Mónica Flores-Ramos |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Anhedonia
hippocampus Mice Medicine Chronic stress Biology (General) Spectroscopy education.field_of_study Mice Inbred BALB C biology Behavior Animal Neurogenesis General Medicine Computer Science Applications adult neurogenesis Chemistry Calbindin 2 depression Antidepressant Female medicine.symptom Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors medicine.drug medicine.medical_specialty Doublecortin Protein QH301-705.5 Population Environment Catalysis Article Inorganic Chemistry Stress Physiological Internal medicine Animals Physical and Theoretical Chemistry education Molecular Biology QD1-999 Cell Proliferation Fluoxetine Environmental enrichment business.industry Organic Chemistry chronic mild stress fluoxetine Doublecortin Endocrinology Ki-67 Antigen biology.protein environmental enrichment business Stress Psychological |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 10976, p 10976 (2021) International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume 22 Issue 20 |
| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a high impact on the worldwide population. To overcome depression, antidepressant drugs are the first line of treatment. However, pre-clinical studies have pointed out that antidepressants are not entirely efficacious and that the quality of the living environment after stress cessation may play a relevant role in increasing their efficacy. As it is unknown whether a short daily exposure to environmental enrichment during chronic stress and antidepressant treatment will be more effective than just the pharmacological treatment, this study analyzed the effects of fluoxetine, environmental enrichment, and their combination on depressive-associated behavior. Additionally, we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis in mice exposed to chronic mild stress. Our results indicate that fluoxetine reversed anhedonia. Besides, fluoxetine reversed the decrement of some events of the hippocampal neurogenic process caused by chronic mild stress. Conversely, short daily exposure to environmental enrichment changed the deterioration of the coat and anhedonia. Although, this environmental intervention did not produce significant changes in the neurogenic process affected by chronic mild stress, fluoxetine plus environmental enrichment showed similar effects to those caused by environmental enrichment to reverse depressive-like behaviors. Like fluoxetine, the combination reversed the declining number of Ki67, doublecortin, calretinin cells and mature newborn neurons. Finally, this study suggests that short daily exposure to environmental enrichment improves the effects of fluoxetine to reverse the deterioration of the coat and anhedonia in chronically stressed mice. In addition, the combination of fluoxetine with environmental enrichment produces more significant effects than those caused by fluoxetine alone on some events of the neurogenic process. Thus, environmental enrichment improves the benefits of pharmacological treatment by mechanisms that need to be clarified. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|