Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer – Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis
| Autor: | Javier P. Gisbert, T. Parra-Cid, Miryam Calvino-Fernández |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
biology business.industry Peptic Stomach Perforation (oil well) Helicobacter pylori biology.organism_classification Gastroenterology digestive system diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Pepsin Internal medicine Gastric mucosa medicine biology.protein Gastric acid Gastritis medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
| Popis: | Peptic ulcers and gastritis are a serious and growing health problem in the whole world. Ulcers affect about 5 million Americans each year, and more than 40,000 people annually have ulcer-related surgery. Each year, approximately 15,000 people in the Unites States die of ulcer-related complications, the worst of which are an internal bleeding and perforation. A peptic ulcer is an open sore or lesion in the gastrointestinal mucosa (stomach or duodenum) that extends through the muscularis mucosa. Peptic ulcers occur when the mucous lining of the stomach or duodenum is not sufficient to protect them against the corrosive action of stomach hydrochloric acid, pepsin digestive enzyme, or against other aggressive substances. These aggressive factors can have an endogenous or exogenous origin. The endogenous harmful factors apart from hydrochloric acid and pepsin, are: refluxed bile, leukotrienes and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The exogenous damaging factors include lifestyle factors, such as alcohol abuse, stress, tension and smoking; also, consume of steroidal and nonesteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or drugs which stimulate gastric acid and pepsin secretion. Moreover, it is completely accepted that the bacterium called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is implicated in the development of gastric ulcers and gastritis. However, many researchers suggest that both the presence of H. pylori and the circumstances related to lifestyle and the consumption of certain drugs are risk factors to develop ulcer, but not the underlying causes, consequently, they add severity to the problem but are not able to cause it. Although these factors are almost certainly of pathogenic relevance, there are majority of people with exposure to them who remain ulcerfree and only a small number of them develop ulcers. In fact, considering the acid-peptic environment of the stomach, the noxious agents both the endogenous and the exogenous that are ingested, and the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, ulcers are surprisingly uncommon. To explain this, it is thought that in gastric mucosa is established a balance between these aggressive factors and other cytoprotective factors, and that gastric ulcer appears when the |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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