Limitations and Uncertainties of Acute Fish Toxicity Assessments Can Be Reduced Using Alternative Methods
| Autor: | Christopher Faßbender, Thomas Braunbeck, Adam Lillicrap, Martin Paparella, Paul M. Thomas, Roman Liska, Kristin Schirmer, Stefan Scholz, Gilly Stoddart, Pascal Bicherel, Scott E. Belanger, Kristin A. Connors, Susanne Walter-Rohde, Marlies Halder |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Standardization
Computer science 010501 environmental sciences Animal Testing Alternatives 01 natural sciences environmental toxicology 03 medical and health sciences chemical safety animal test Toxicity Tests Animals uncertainty 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Pharmacology Flexibility (engineering) Alternative methods 0303 health sciences Test design Fishes Reproducibility of Results General Medicine alternative methods Medical Laboratory Technology Risk analysis (engineering) acute fish toxicity Toxicity Environmental toxicology Benchmark (computing) Lethality |
| Zdroj: | ALTEX, 38 (1) Altex |
| ISSN: | 1868-8551 0946-7785 1868-596X |
| DOI: | 10.3929/ethz-b-000495249 |
| Popis: | Information about acute fish toxicity is routinely required in many jurisdictions for environmental risk assessment of chemicals. This information is typically obtained using a 96-hour juvenile fish test for lethality according to OECD test guideline (TG) 203 or equivalent regional guidelines. However, TG 203 has never been validated using the criteria currently required for new test methods including alternative methods. Characterization of the practicality and validity of TG 203 is important to provide a benchmark for alternative methods. This contribution systematically summarizes the available knowledge on limitations and uncertainties of TG 203, based on methodological, statistical, and biological considerations. Uncertainties stem from the historic flexibility (e.g., use of a broad range of species) and constraints of the basic test design (e.g., no replication). Other sources of uncertainty arise from environmental safety extrapolation based on TG 203 data. Environmental extrapolation models, combined with data from alternative methods, including mechanistic indicators of toxicity, may provide at least the same level of environmental protection. Yet, most importantly, the 3R advantages of alternative methods allow a better standardization, characterization, and an improved basic study design. This can enhance data reliability and thus facilitate the comparison of chemical toxicity, as well as the environmental classifications and prediction of no-effect concentrations of chemicals. Combined with the 3R gains and the potential for higher throughput, a reliable assessment of more chemicals can be achieved, leading to improved environmental protection. ALTEX, 38 (1) ISSN:1868-8551 ISSN:0946-7785 ISSN:1868-596X |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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