Neighborhood Variation in the Price of Cheap Tobacco Products in California: Results From Healthy Stores for a Healthy Community
| Autor: | April Roeseler, Elizabeth Andersen-Rodgers, Lisa Henriksen, Trent O Johnson, Xueying Zhang, Nina C. Schleicher, Dennis L. Sun |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent medicine.medical_treatment Original Investigations California 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Residence Characteristics Environmental health Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Ethnicity Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Sales tax Child health care economics and organizations 030505 public health Public health Multilevel model Smoking Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Cigarillo Commerce Tobacco Products Taxes Smoking cessation Pacific islanders Household income Female Smoking Cessation Business 0305 other medical science Cigarette pack |
| Popis: | Background Retail marketing surveillance research highlights concerns about lower priced cigarettes in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of racial/ethnic minorities but focuses almost exclusively on premium brands. To remedy this gap in the literature, the current study examines neighborhood variation in prices for the cheapest cigarettes and a popular brand of cigarillos in a large statewide sample of licensed tobacco retailers in a low-tax state. Methods All 61 local health departments in California trained data collectors to conduct observations in a census of eligible licensed tobacco retailers in randomly selected zip codes (n = 7393 stores, completion rate=91%). Data were collected in 2013, when California had a low and stagnant tobacco tax. Two prices were requested: the cheapest cigarette pack regardless of brand and a single, flavored Swisher Sweets cigarillo. Multilevel models (stores clustered in tracts) examined prices (before sales tax) as a function of neighborhood race/ethnicity and proportion of school-age youth (aged 5-17). Models adjusted for store type and median household income. Results Approximately 84% of stores sold cigarettes for less than $5 and a Swisher Sweets cigarillo was available for less than $1 in 74% of stores that sold the brand. The cheapest cigarettes cost even less in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of school-age residents and Asian/Pacific Islanders. Conclusions Neighborhood disparities in the price of the cheapest combustible tobacco products are a public health threat. Policy changes that make all tobacco products, especially combustible products, less available and more costly may reduce disparities in their use and protect public health. Implications Much of what is known about neighborhood variation in the price of combustible tobacco products focuses on premium brand cigarettes. The current study extends this literature in two ways, by studying prices for the cheapest cigarette pack regardless of brand and a popular brand of flavored cigarillos and by reporting data from the largest statewide sample of licensed tobacco retailers. Significantly lower prices in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of youth and of racial/ethnic groups with higher smoking prevalence are a cause of concern. The study results underscore the need for policies that reduce availability and increase price of combustible tobacco products, particularly in states with low, stagnant tobacco taxes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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