Imaging Modalities in Pediatric Oncology
| Autor: | Lisa J. States, James S. Meyer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Diagnostic Imaging
medicine.medical_specialty Radiography Medical Oncology Malignancy Pediatrics Neoplasms medicine Medical imaging Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Child Ultrasonography medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Ultrasound Soft tissue Cancer Magnetic resonance imaging General Medicine medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron emission tomography Positron-Emission Tomography Radiology Tomography X-Ray Computed business |
| Zdroj: | Radiologic Clinics of North America. 49:579-588 |
| ISSN: | 0033-8389 |
| Popis: | The incidence of childhood malignancy has remained relatively stable over the last 30 years. Fortunately, survival rates have improved. 1 Diagnostic imaging plays a central role in the evaluation of malignancy in children. This article reviews the roles of specific imaging modalities in the diagnosis and management of noncentral nervous system childhood cancer. Imaging modalities to be discussed include conventional radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine, including positron emission tomography (PET). Emerging imaging techniques will also be discussed. Current literature will be referenced for more in-depth review. RADIOGRAPHY Conventional radiography plays an important role in the evaluation of cancer in children, not only as an initial screening tool, but also in the assessment of tumor response and recurrence. Conventional radiographs are fast, inexpensive, widely available, and often the initial imaging examination performed in a child with cancer. Conventional radiographs are useful in determining the aggressiveness of bone tumors, and they may identify calcifications in the soft tissues in the abdomen or pelvis or detect pathology in the chest and bones. Conventional radiographs, however, only provide a 1-dimensional representation of 3-dimensional structures, have relatively poor soft tissue contrast, and are often less sensitive and specific than more advanced imaging modalities. Although conventional film-screen technology is stillcommon,thedigitalmodalitiesofcomputedradiography (CR) using a cassette-based system and direct radiography (DR) using a flat-panel based system are widely used. These technologies will likelygain further acceptance asa result of improvements in resolution and decreased radiation exposure in conjunction with more wide-spread use of picture archiving and communication systems |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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