Measurement of breast-tissue x-ray attenuation by spectral imaging: fresh and fixed normal and malignant tissue
| Autor: | Kenneth C. Young, Paula Willsher, Elin Moa, Matthew G. Wallis, Erik Fredenberg, David R. Dance |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Fredenberg, Erik [0000-0002-0724-0205], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
FOS: Physical sciences X ray attenuation Adipose tissue Breast Neoplasms 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine FOS: Electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering medicine Mammography Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Cyst Breast Breast Density Breast tissue Radiological and Ultrasound Technology medicine.diagnostic_test Chemistry business.industry Attenuation X-Rays Image and Video Processing (eess.IV) Significant difference Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing medicine.disease Physics - Medical Physics Spectral imaging Adipose Tissue 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Female Medical Physics (physics.med-ph) Radiologi och bildbehandling Nuclear medicine business Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging |
| ISSN: | 2021-0108 |
| Popis: | Knowledge of x-ray attenuation is essential for developing and evaluating x-ray imaging technologies. In mammography, measurement of breast density, dose estimation, and differentiation between cysts and solid tumours are example applications requiring accurate data on tissue attenuation. Published attenuation data are, however, sparse and cover a relatively wide range. To supplement available data we have previously measured the attenuation of cyst fluid and solid lesions using photon-counting spectral mammography. The present study aims to measure the attenuation of normal adipose and glandular tissue, and to measure the effect of formalin fixation, a major uncertainty in published data. A total of 27 tumour specimens, 7 fibro-glandular tissue specimens, and 15 adipose tissue specimens were included. Spectral (energy-resolved) images of the samples were acquired and the image signal was mapped to equivalent thicknesses of two known reference materials, from which x-ray attenuation as a function of energy can be derived. The spread in attenuation between samples was relatively large, partly because of natural variation. The variation of malignant and glandular tissue was similar, whereas that of adipose tissue was lower. Formalin fixation slightly altered the attenuation of malignant and glandular tissue, whereas the attenuation of adipose tissue was not significantly affected. The difference in attenuation between fresh tumour tissue and cyst fluid was smaller than has previously been measured for fixed tissue, but the difference was still significant and discrimination of these two tissue types is still possible. The difference between glandular and malignant tissue was close-to significant; it is reasonable to expect a significant difference with a larger set of samples. We believe that our studies have contributed to lower the overall uncertainty of breast tissue attenuation in the literature due to the relatively large sample sets, the novel measurement method, and by clarifying the difference between fresh and fixed tissue. QC 20210108 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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