From physical improvement to holistic renewal:the Danish experience
| Autor: | Hedvig Vestergaard |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Watson, Chris, Turkington, Richard |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Vestergaard, H 2014, From physical improvement to holistic renewal : the Danish experience . in C Watson & R Turkington (eds), Renewing Europe's Housing . Policy Press, pp. 21-40 . < http://www.policypress.co.uk/display.asp?ISB=9781447310129& > Renewing Europe’s Housing ISBN: 9781447310136 |
| Popis: | Urban and neighbourhood renewal in Denmark first became of publicinterest and the subject of legislation in the early twentieth century.Concern was based on health, fire and sanitation issues with the focuson the condition of individual dwellings. It was not until the early1940s that the first urban quarter in Copenhagen was renewed throughdemolition and rebuilding. Based on legislation from 1939, withrevisions in 1959 and 1969, the slum clearance approach was stronglycriticised for disrupting local life and destroying cultural assets. It wasnot until 1983 that more sensitive policies were adopted, when newlegislation opened the way for urban and housing renewal programmeswhich established the rights of residents and provided subsidies forimprovement work. At the same time, large non-profit social housingestates, built in the 1960s and 1970s, came under scrutiny. Initially,these modernist-style estates were labelled ‘neighbourhoods withconstruction problems’ which needed attention to their flat roofsand crumbling concrete but it was not long before the housingmanagement and life opportunities of residents were also beingquestioned. A neighbourhood renewal approach was then developedwhich combined a focus on the social integration of immigrants andtheir children with local involvement, resident participation and thephysical improvement of housing and its environment.During the first decade of the twenty-first century, local and areabasedinitiatives became the established approach to creating ‘inclusiveneighbourhoods’ and changing the social mix. The open stigmatisationof deprived neighbourhoods as ‘ghettos’ by the government andpolitical leaders worked against the combined efforts of municipalities,residents and housing organisations to create positive solutions. At the same time, housing renewal programmes began to include ruralas well as urban areas and now almost the entire housing and buildingstock in Denmark is considered a potential target for refurbishmentand energy efficiency measures.The challenge for housing renewal is to achieve a balance betweenthe preservation of the built heritage, sustainability, innovation, jobcreation and demolition. Since 2007, the financial and economiccrisis and the accompanying reduction in private investment haveimpeded progress. Population loss and the economic recessionprevalent in western and southern Denmark have reduced regionalhousing demand. These situations have become major concerns for themunicipalities affected, and proposals for demolishing empty housesin villages and rural areas are under active consideration. Both largerand smaller social housing estates in areas losing population are difficultto let, and the housing organisations that own them would like to beable to demolish housing or change its use without having to bear thecost of outstanding loans.This chapter considers how a market consisting of regulated privaterented housing, non-profit social housing with regulated cost rents,a free market owner-occupied housing sector, and private rentedhousing built since 1991 can be renewed. A case study of Bispehavenin the western part of the city of Aarhus illustrates the challenges facedin renewing large scale social housing estates over the past 30 years. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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