Spatial analysis of urine zinc (Zn) concentration for women of reproductive age and school age children in Malawi
| Autor: | Felix P. Phiri, Elliott M. Hamilton, Martin R. Broadley, Parminder S. Suchdev, Alexander A Kalimbira, E. Louise Ander, R. Murray Lark, Edward J. M. Joy, Jellita Gondwe, Michael J. Watts |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Malawi Environmental Engineering Adolescent Population Nutritional Status chemistry.chemical_element Reproductive age Zinc Urine 010501 environmental sciences Biology 01 natural sciences Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Animal science Geochemistry and Petrology Blood plasma Humans Environmental Chemistry Micronutrients Child education Urine zinc 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Water Science and Technology Morning Original Paper Spatial Analysis 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Micronutrient survey Sub-Saharan Africa Casual urine Biomarker General Medicine Middle Aged Micronutrient chemistry Female Sample collection Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| ISSN: | 0269-4042 1573-2983 |
| Popis: | Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient, and Zn deficiency remains a major global public health challenge. Recognised biomarkers of population Zn status include blood plasma or serum Zn concentration and proxy data such as dietary Zn intake and prevalence of stunting. Urine Zn concentration is rarely used to assess population Zn status. This study assessed the value of urine Zn concentration as a biomarker of population Zn status using a nationally representative sample of non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA) and school-aged children (SAC) in Malawi. Spot (casual) urine samples were collected from 741 WRA and 665 SAC. Urine Zn concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with specific gravity adjustment for hydration status. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model with a spatially correlated random effect for between-cluster variation. The effect of time of sample collection (morning or afternoon), and gender (for SAC), on urine Zn concentration were examined. There was spatial dependence in urine Zn concentration between clusters among SAC but not WRA, which indicates that food system or environmental factors can influence urine Zn concentration. Mapping urine Zn concentration could potentially identify areas where the prevalence of Zn deficiency is greater and thus where further sampling or interventions might be targeted. There was no evidence for differences in urine Zn concentration between gender (P = 0.69) or time of sample collection (P = 0.85) in SAC. Urine Zn concentration was greater in afternoon samples for WRA (P = 0.003). Relationships between urine Zn concentration, serum Zn concentration, dietary Zn intake, and potential food systems covariates warrant further study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10653-020-00700-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink