Three-dimensional models for studying development and disease: moving on from organisms to organs-on-a-chip and organoids
| Autor: | E L Jackson, Hang Lu |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Technology Assessment Biomedical ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species Biophysics Context (language use) Model system Computational biology Disease Biology Biochemistry Organ-on-a-chip Article 03 medical and health sciences Organ Culture Techniques Genome editing Lab-On-A-Chip Devices Animals Humans Model organism Bioartificial Organs ved/biology business.industry Scale (chemistry) Biotechnology Organoids 030104 developmental biology Batch Cell Culture Techniques Printing Three-Dimensional business Three dimensional model |
| Popis: | Human development and disease are challenging to study because of lack of experimental accessibility to in vivo systems and the complex nature of biological processes. For these reasons researchers turn to the use of model systems, ranging in complexity and scale from single cells to model organisms. While the use of model organisms is valuable for studying physiology and pathophysiology in an in vivo context and for aiding pre-clinical development of therapeutics, animal models are costly, difficult to interrogate, and not always equivalent to human biology. For these reasons, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have emerged as an attractive model system that contains key aspects of in vivo tissue and organ complexity while being more experimentally tractable than model organisms. In particular, organ-on-a-chip and organoid models represent orthogonal approaches that have been able to recapitulate characteristics of physiology and disease. Here, we review advances in these two categories of 3D cultures and applications in studying development and disease. Additionally, we discuss development of key technologies that facilitate the generation of 3D cultures, including microfluidics, biomaterials, genome editing, and imaging technologies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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