Genetic variants in telomerase-related genes are associated with an older age at diagnosis in glioma patients: evidence for distinct pathways of gliomagenesis

Autor: Hugues Sicotte, Annette M. Molinaro, Helen M. Hansen, John K. Wiencke, Kyle M. Walsh, Joseph L. Wiemels, Ivan Smirnov, Mitchell S. Berger, Terri Rice, Erik Anderson, Daniel H. Lachance, Alexander R. Pico, Tarik Tihan, Michael D. Prados, Robert B. Jenkins, Shichun Zheng, George Hsuang, Matthew L. Kosel, Margaret Wrensch, Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Paige M. Bracci, Susan M. Chang, Thomas M. Kollmeyer, Paul A. Decker, Lucie McCoy
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Male
Aging
Cancer Research
Telomerase
medicine.disease_cause
Bioinformatics
single nucleotide polymorphism
Risk Factors
glioma
CDKN2B
2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
Aetiology
Cancer
telomere
Mutation
Tumor
Brain Neoplasms
Age Factors
Single Nucleotide
Glioma
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Oncology
age at diagnosis
Basic and Translational Investigations
Female
Adult
Senescence
Genotype
Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Biology
telomerase
Polymorphism
Single Nucleotide
Rare Diseases
Clinical Research
Genetics
Biomarkers
Tumor
medicine
Humans
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Polymorphism
Aged
Prevention
Human Genome
Neurosciences
DNA Helicases
medicine.disease
Brain Disorders
Telomere
Brain Cancer
Case-Control Studies
Cancer research
Neurology (clinical)
Neoplasm Grading
Biomarkers
Follow-Up Studies
Zdroj: Neuro-oncology, vol 15, iss 8
ISSN: 1523-5866
1522-8517
Popis: Glioma, the most common central nervous system cancer in adults, generally has poor prognosis. Glioblastoma, the most common and most aggressive form of glioma, has a median patient survival time of just 15 months from diagnosis under current standard of care.1 While prognosis is better for low-grade astrocytic tumors and tumors with an oligodendroglial component, over time these tumors all progress to high-grade glioma.2 Gliomagenesis is a complex and multifaceted process influenced by both inherited and acquired genetic variation. Glioma risk loci in 7 genes have been confirmed in genome-wide association studies.3–6 Several of these risk loci are found in genes previously implicated in gliomagenesis due to their mutation in glioma-associated hereditary cancer syndromes (TP53, CDKN2B/ANRIL) or their alteration in glioma tumors (TP53, CDKN2B/ANRIL, EGFR).7–9 Risk loci in 2 genes involved in telomerase structure and function (TERT [telomerase reverse transcriptase] and RTEL1 [regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1]) had not been implicated in gliomagenesis prior to genome-wide association studies, but telomerase activation has been observed in ∼90% of all human cancers.10 Telomeres act as a protective cap at the end of chromosomes but are progressively shortened during mitotic divisions.11 Telomere depletion ultimately leads to replicative senescence, limiting the proliferative capacity of cells. With activation of telomerase, an enzyme that adds DNA sequence repeats to telomeres, dividing cells can replace lost telomeric DNA and continue proliferating.10 TERT is a key component of human telomerase, and RTEL1 is needed to allow telomerase-dependent telomere extension to proceed effectively.12,13 Of the tumors that do not maintain telomere length through activation of telomerase, a significant subset activates a secondary pathway: alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT).14 Inheriting an increased number of glioma risk alleles might be expected to decrease age at diagnosis among glioma patients by reducing the number of somatic mutations an individual must acquire to initiate tumor formation or by facilitating the accumulation of such mutations. To investigate this, we examined the associations of known glioma risk loci with age at diagnosis in glioma patients from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the Mayo Clinic. Caucasian glioma patients were genotyped at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 7 genes associated with glioma risk in previous genome-wide association studies, including variants in TERT, EGFR, CCDC26, CDKN2B/ANRIL, PHLDB1, TP53, and RTEL1. Associations were also calculated within histologic subgroups, stratified by tumor IDH­-mutation status, and pooled across study sites. Interactions between age and risk SNPs were also examined in case-control comparisons.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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