Assessment of exposure to mixture pollutants in Mexican indigenous children
| Autor: | V.G. Cilia-López, Fernando Díaz-Barriga, Leticia Carrizales, A. Palacios-Ramírez, Lilia E. Batres-Esquivel, B.A. Zuki-Orozco, Rogelio Flores-Ramírez, Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 010501 environmental sciences Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences Arsenic 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health Humans Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology 030212 general & internal medicine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Child Mexico 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment Pollutant Creatinine Pyrenes Health risk assessment Benzene Environmental Exposure General Medicine Environmental exposure Anthropometry Pollution Sorbic Acid chemistry Child Preschool Environmental chemistry Environmental Pollutants Female Risk assessment Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23:8577-8588 |
| ISSN: | 1614-7499 0944-1344 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-016-6101-y |
| Popis: | The aim of the present work was to complete an exposure assessment in three Mexican indigenous communities using the community-based health risk assessment, which is the first step in the CHILD framework. We used 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an exposure biomarker to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) as an exposure biomarker to benzene, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), lead, manganese, arsenic, and fluoride. Anthropometric measurements were also taken. In these communities, high percentages of children with chronic malnutrition were found (28 to 49 %) based on their weight and age. All communities showed a high percentage of children with detectable levels of four or more compounds (70 to 82 %). Additionally, our results showed that in indigenous communities, children are exposed to elevated levels of certain environmental pollutants, including manganese with 17.6, 16.8, and 7.3 μg/L from SMP, TOC, and CUA, respectively. Lead and HCB levels were similar in the indigenous communities (2.5, 3.1, and 4.2 μg/dL and 2.5, 3.1, and 3.7 ng/mL, respectively). 1-OHP and t,t-MA levels were higher in TOC (0.8 μmol/mol of creatinine, 476 μg/g of creatinine, respectively) when compared with SMP (0.1 μmol/mol of creatinine, 215.5 μg/g of creatinine, respectively) and CUA (0.1 μmol/mol of creatinine, 185.2 μg/g of creatinine, respectively). DDE levels were 30.7, 26.9, and 9.6 ng/mL in CUA, SMP, and TOC, respectively. The strength of this study is that it assesses exposure to pollutants with indications for the resultant risk before an intervention is made by the CHILD program to manage this risk in the indigenous communities. Considering the large number of people, especially children, exposed to multiple pollutants, it is important to design effective intervention programs that reduce exposure and the resultant risk in the numerous indigenous communities in Mexico. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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