Gender stereotypes can explain the gender-equality paradox
| Autor: | Elyès Jouini, Thomas Breda, Georgia Thebault, Clotilde Napp |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0001,PGSE,Ecole d'Economie de Paris(2017) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Gender stereotypes Differentiation Essentialism media_common.quotation_subject Gender gap in STEM Social Sciences 050109 social psychology Socioeconomic development Stereotype 050105 experimental psychology Country level 5. Gender equality Economic constraints 0502 economics and business Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences 050207 economics 10. No inequality media_common Stereotyping Gender equality Multidisciplinary 050208 finance 05 social sciences Gender Identity 16. Peace & justice [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance Female Developed country Social psychology Mathematics |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, National Academy of Sciences, 2020, 117 (49), pp.31063-31069. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2008704117⟩ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.2008704117⟩ |
| Popis: | International audience; The so-called “gender-equality paradox” is the fact that gender segregation across occupations is more pronounced in more egalitarian and more developed countries. Some scholars have explained this paradox by the existence of deeply rooted or intrinsic gender differences in preferences that materialize more easily in countries where economic constraints are more limited. In line with a strand of research in sociology, we show instead that it can be explained by cross-country differences in essentialist gender norms regarding math aptitudes and appropriate occupational choices. To this aim, we propose a measure of the prevalence and extent of internalization of the stereotype that “math is not for girls” at the country level. This is done using individual-level data on the math attitudes of 300,000 15-y-old female and male students in 64 countries. The stereotype associating math to men is stronger in more egalitarian and developed countries. It is also strongly associated with various measures of female underrepresentation in math-intensive fields and can therefore entirely explain the gender-equality paradox. We suggest that economic development and gender equality in rights go hand-in-hand with a reshaping rather than a suppression of gender norms, with the emergence of new and more horizontal forms of social differentiation across genders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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