Vaccination strategies for control of community outbreaks of hepatitis A: A comparison of two outbreaks in England
| Autor: | Ashley Sharp, William Welfare, Ceryl Harwood, Matthieu Pegorie, Koye Balogun, Sema Mandal, Mike Gent, Suzi Coles, Siew-Lin Ngui |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent 030231 tropical medicine Mass Vaccination Disease Outbreaks Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health Epidemiology Humans Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Child Asymptomatic Infections Hepatitis Family Characteristics Schools General Veterinary General Immunology and Microbiology business.industry Transmission (medicine) Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Outbreak Hepatitis A medicine.disease Local community Community-Acquired Infections Vaccination Infectious Diseases England Immunization Child Preschool Molecular Medicine Female Hepatitis A virus business |
| Zdroj: | Vaccine. 37:1521-1527 |
| ISSN: | 0264-410X |
| Popis: | In August 2015 two community outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) occurred in sub-urban communities in Northern England. Each was managed by an independent outbreak control team. In outbreak one, mass vaccination was deployed targeting a residential area and two schools, while in outbreak two, vaccination was reserved for household-type contacts of cases. The highest vaccination uptake was achieved in the school settings (82% and 95%). These case studies illustrate the range of approaches that can be used and the factors that influence decision-making in response to a hepatitis A community outbreak. Both outbreaks likely started from importation(s) of HAV by returning travellers and spread through extended social networks and the local community. Vaccination strategies were selected based on hypotheses about transmission pathways, which were informed by evidence from oral fluid (OF) testing of asymptomatic contacts. More evidence about the effectiveness of mass vaccination in community outbreaks of hepatitis A in low endemicity settings is needed. Hepatitis A guidelines should include recommendations for the use of mass vaccination and OF testing in outbreaks. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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