Emerging and legacy flame retardants in UK human milk and food suggest slow response to restrictions on use of PBDEs and HBCDD

Autor: Mireille B. Toledano, Fang Tao, Stuart Harrad, Philippa Douglas, Danielle C. Ashworth, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah
Přispěvatelé: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
010501 environmental sciences
Brominated flame retardants
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Eating
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
SOUTH CHINA
Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
Ingestion
Slow response
lcsh:Environmental sciences
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
General Environmental Science
Flame Retardants
lcsh:GE1-350
Dietary intake
Data Collection
Human milk
JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT
Dust
Human exposure
Hydrocarbons
Brominated
Environmental chemistry
Body Burden
Female
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Environmental Monitoring
Adult
South china
POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Body weight
Emerging flame retardants
Animal science
EXTERNAL EXPOSURE
MD Multidisciplinary
DIETARY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Humans
Tissue distribution
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Hexabromocyclododecane
Science & Technology
DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHANE
Milk
Human
Nursing infant
POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS
Body Weight
Infant
IN-HOUSE DUST
United Kingdom
Diet
chemistry
Food
FIREMASTER(R) 550
Environmental Sciences
Food Analysis
Zdroj: Environment International, Vol 105, Iss, Pp 95-104 (2017)
ISSN: 1873-6750
Popis: The legacy flame retardants (LFRs) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), together with six emerging flame retardants (EFRs) were measured in United Kingdom (UK) human milk collected in 2010 (n=25) and 2014–15 (n=10). These data are the first report of the presence of EFRs in UK human milk. The most abundant EFR was β-tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (DBE-DBCH) (average=2.5ng/g lw; geometric mean=1.5ng/g lw), which is comparable to the concentrations of the most abundant LFRs i.e. BDE 47 and α-HBCDD at 2.8 and 2.1ng/g lw, respectively (geometric mean=2.1 and 1.7). The estimated median dietary intake of ΣEFRs by UK nursing infants was 18ng/kg bw/day. EFRs were also measured in UK foodstuffs with β-DBE-DBCH again the predominant compound detected, accounting – on average – for 64.5±23.4% of ΣEFRs. Average estimated dietary intakes of ∑EFRs in the UK were 89 and 26ng/day (1.3 and 2.6ng/body weight/day) for adults and toddlers, respectively. Concentrations of Σtri-hexa BDEs in our UK food samples exceeded those reported in UK samples from the same food categories collected in 2003–04 and 2006. Despite this and our recent report elsewhere of significant temporal declines in concentrations of BDE 209 in UK indoor dust (p0.05) were observed between concentrations of Σtri-hexa BDEs, BDE 209 and HBCDDs in human milk sampled in 2010 and those obtained in 2014–15. UK adult body burdens for EFRs were predicted via inhalation, diet and dust ingestion using a simple pharmacokinetic model. The predicted EFR body burdens compared well with observed concentrations in human milk. Keywords: Emerging flame retardants, Brominated flame retardants, Human exposure, Human milk, Diet, Nursing infant
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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