Near-Real-Time Tephra Fallout Assessment at Mt. Etna, Italy
| Autor: | Wim Degruyter, Michele Prestifilippo, Stefano Corradini, Emilio Pecora, Massimo Musacchio, Malvina Silvestri, Simona Scollo, Costanza Bonadonna, Eduardo Rossi, Giuseppe Carparelli, Carmelo Cassisi, Emilio Biale, Luca Merucci, Raffaello Cioni |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Maximum clast forecasts
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Meteorology Operational system Hazard analysis 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences Column (database) hazard assessment Impact crater maximum clast forecasts ddc:550 operational system Tephra 0105 earth and related environmental sciences geography Explosive eruption geography.geographical_feature_category Column height column height near-real-time forecasts Volcano 13. Climate action General Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental science Near-real-time forecasts Satellite Etna volcano Hazard assessment |
| Zdroj: | Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, No 2987 (2019) pp. 1-18 Remote Sensing Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 24; Pages: 2987 |
| ISSN: | 2072-4292 |
| Popis: | During explosive eruptions, emergency responders and government agencies need to make fast decisions that should be based on an accurate forecast of tephra dispersal and assessment of the expected impact. Here, we propose a new operational tephra fallout monitoring and forecasting system based on quantitative volcanological observations and modelling. The new system runs at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE) and is able to provide a reliable hazard assessment to the National Department of Civil Protection (DPC) during explosive eruptions. The new operational system combines data from low-cost calibrated visible cameras and satellite images to estimate the variation of column height with time and model volcanic plume and fallout in near-real-time (NRT). The new system has three main objectives: (i) to determine column height in NRT using multiple sensors (calibrated cameras and satellite images); (ii) to compute isomass and isopleth maps of tephra deposits in NRT; (iii) to help the DPC to best select the eruption scenarios run daily by INGV-OE every three hours. A particular novel feature of the new system is the computation of an isopleth map, which helps to identify the region of sedimentation of large clasts (≥5 cm) that could cause injuries to tourists, hikers, guides, and scientists, as well as damage buildings in the proximity of the summit craters. The proposed system could be easily adapted to other volcano observatories worldwide. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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