A multivariable Mendelian randomization to appraise the pleiotropy between intelligence, education, and bipolar disorder in relation to schizophrenia
Autor: | Charleen D. Adams |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Adult Male Multivariate analysis Bipolar Disorder Population genetics Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) Intelligence education lcsh:Medicine Disease Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Pleiotropy Risk Factors Mendelian randomization mental disorders Genetic Pleiotropy medicine Humans Genetic Predisposition to Disease 030212 general & internal medicine Bipolar disorder lcsh:Science Multidisciplinary Multivariable calculus lcsh:R Mendelian Randomization Analysis medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology Increased risk Schizophrenia Multivariate Analysis Trait Behavioural genetics Educational Status Female lcsh:Q Psychology Neurological disorders Clinical psychology |
Zdroj: | Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2020) Scientific Reports |
ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
Popis: | Education and intelligence are highly correlated and inversely associated with schizophrenia. Counterintuitively, education genetically associates with an increased risk for the disease. To investigate why, this study applies a multivariable Mendelian randomization of intelligence and education. For those without college degrees, older age of finishing school associates with a decreased likelihood of schizophrenia—independent of intelligence—and, hence, may be entangled with the health inequalities reflecting differences in education. A different picture is observed for schooling years inclusive of college: more years of schooling increases the likelihood of schizophrenia, whereas higher intelligence distinctly and independently decreases it. This implies the pleiotropy between years of schooling and schizophrenia is horizontal and likely confounded by a third trait influencing education. A multivariable Mendelian randomization of schooling years and bipolar disorder reveals that the increased risk of schizophrenia conferred by more schooling years is an artefact of bipolar disorder – not education. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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