Genome Analysis of the Meat Starter Culture Bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus TM300
| Autor: | Ralf Rosenstein, Guenter Raddatz, Lalitha Biswas, Friedrich Götz, Stephan C. Schuster, Christiane Nerz, Alexandra Resch |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
DNA
Bacterial Genome evolution Meat Prophages Staphylococcus Molecular Sequence Data Bacterial genome size Synteny Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Genome Microbiology Open Reading Frames Genomic island Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology Prophage Repetitive Sequences Nucleic Acid Staphylococcus carnosus Genetics Ecology biology Sequence Analysis DNA Genome project biology.organism_classification Interspersed Repetitive Sequences Mobile genetic elements Genome Bacterial Food Science Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| ISSN: | 1098-5336 0099-2240 |
| Popis: | The Staphylococcus carnosus genome has the highest GC content of all sequenced staphylococcal genomes, with 34.6%, and therefore represents a species that is set apart from S. aureus , S. epidermidis , S. saprophyticus , and S. haemolyticus . With only 2.56 Mbp, the genome belongs to a family of smaller staphylococcal genomes, and the ori and ter regions are asymmetrically arranged with the replichores I (1.05 Mbp) and II (1.5 Mbp). The events leading up to this asymmetry probably occurred not that long ago in evolution, as there was not enough time to approach the natural tendency of a physical balance. Unlike the genomes of pathogenic species, the TM300 genome does not contain mobile elements such as plasmids, insertion sequences, transposons, or STAR elements; also, the number of repeat sequences is markedly decreased, suggesting a comparatively high stability of the genome. While most S. aureus genomes contain several prophages and genomic islands, the TM300 genome contains only one prophage, ΦTM300, and one genomic island, νSCA1, which is characterized by a mosaic structure mainly composed of species-specific genes. Most of the metabolic core pathways are present in the genome. Some open reading frames are truncated, which reflects the nutrient-rich environment of the meat starter culture, making some functions dispensable. The genome is well equipped with all functions necessary for the starter culture, such as nitrate/nitrite reduction, various sugar degradation pathways, two catalases, and nine osmoprotection systems. The genome lacks most of the toxins typical of S. aureus as well as genes involved in biofilm formation, underscoring the nonpathogenic status. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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