Stringent Response in Mycobacteria: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential
| Autor: | Gunjan Arora, Abid R. Mattoo, Kuldeepkumar Ramnaresh Gupta, Andaleeb Sajid |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Tuberculosis medicine.drug_class Stringent response Virulence Human pathogen Review Antimycobacterial biofilm Microbiology Mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immune system (pp)pGpp. Rel medicine Immunology and Allergy Molecular Biology drug resistance General Immunology and Microbiology biology stress response stringent response biology.organism_classification medicine.disease alarmones virulence Infectious Diseases RelZ Medicine |
| Zdroj: | Pathogens Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1417, p 1417 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2076-0817 |
| Popis: | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a human pathogen that can thrive inside the host immune cells for several years and cause tuberculosis. This is due to the propensity of M. tuberculosis to synthesize a sturdy cell wall, shift metabolism and growth, secrete virulence factors to manipulate host immunity, and exhibit stringent response. These attributes help M. tuberculosis to manage the host response, and successfully establish and maintain an infection even under nutrient-deprived stress conditions for years. In this review, we will discuss the importance of mycobacterial stringent response under different stress conditions. The stringent response is mediated through small signaling molecules called alarmones “(pp)pGpp”. The synthesis and degradation of these alarmones in mycobacteria are mediated by Rel protein, which is both (p)ppGpp synthetase and hydrolase. Rel is important for all central dogma processes—DNA replication, transcription, and translation—in addition to regulating virulence, drug resistance, and biofilm formation. Rel also plays an important role in the latent infection of M. tuberculosis. Here, we have discussed the literature on alarmones and Rel proteins in mycobacteria and highlight that (p)ppGpp-analogs and Rel inhibitors could be designed and used as antimycobacterial compounds against M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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