Hepatitis E Virus Prevalence among Blood Donors, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Autor: Honorine Dahourou, Nicolas Barro, Frédéric Rossetto, Alfred S. Traore, Jean Bienvenue Ouoba, Kuan Abdoulaye Traore, Yacouba Nébié, Pierre Roques, Hortense Rouamba
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Male
Letter
waterborne
Blood transfusion
Epidemiology
medicine.medical_treatment
Prevalence
lcsh:Medicine
Blood Donors
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Antibodies
Viral
0302 clinical medicine
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Blood product
foodborne
education.field_of_study
anti-HEV
virus diseases
Middle Aged
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis E
Infectious Diseases
RNA
Viral
Female
Adult
Microbiology (medical)
medicine.medical_specialty
IgM
Adolescent
Hepatitis E Virus Prevalence among Blood Donors
Ouagadougou
Burkina Faso
IgG
030231 tropical medicine
Population
blood transfusion
lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
travel-related
03 medical and health sciences
Internal medicine
Burkina Faso
West Africa
Hepatitis E virus
medicine
Humans
Seroprevalence
viruses
lcsh:RC109-216
Ouagadougou
Letters to the Editor
education
Aged
bloodborne
business.industry
lcsh:R
medicine.disease
Virology
Transplantation
Immunoglobulin M
HEV
Immunoglobulin G
hepatitis E
business
Zdroj: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 22, Iss 4, Pp 755-757 (2016)
Emerging Infectious Diseases
ISSN: 1080-6059
1080-6040
Popis: To the Editor: The safety of blood product use is continually improving, but blood transfusion remains a challenge in Africa, given the high prevalence of bloodborne pathogens (1). In Africa, the main serologic tests done to reduce blood transfusion risks are for HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses. However, unknown or emerging pathogens among the population of blood donors, such as hepatitis E virus (HEV), may also jeopardize transfusion safety. HEV is emerging as a potential threat to blood safety. High rates of HEV IgG prevalence among blood donors have been found in studies in the United States (7.7%), England (13.5%), France (16.6%), and Spain (19.6%) (2,3). A study in Iran showed a prevalence of 14.3% (4), and a study in China showed rates of up to 22.7% (5). Cases of HEV transmission by transfusion or transplantation have been reported, and recent studies in France and England showed risk for HEV in donated blood ranging from 1/2,218 to 1/2,848 donations (5,6). In Burkina Faso, the prevalence of HEV IgG has been reported as 11.6% among pregnant women during 2012. Prevalence is >70% among butchers, who form a population exposed to pigs, which are a reservoir for HEV (7,8). To determine whether HEV continues to circulate among human populations outside known at-risk populations, we investigated prevalence of HEV IgG and IgM in the blood donor population of Ouagadougou. During June and July 2014, we recruited 1,497 first-time blood donors (398 women, 1,099 men) within the National Blood Transfusion Centre in Ouagadougou. Persons 17–65 years of age who weighed >50 kg were included (Figure, panel A). Candidate donors were excluded if they had previously received blood transfusions, had jaundice or clinical signs of hepatitis, were pregnant, or had sexual contact with multiple partners. Demographic data collection was limited to age and sex, and residual serum specimens were anonymized as approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Blood Transfusion Centre. We used Dia.Pro IgG ELISA (Diagnostic Bioprobe Srl, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy) to detect HEV IgG; this assay uses HEV-specific synthetic antigens derived from open reading frame (ORF) 2 and ORF3 of all 4 HEV subtypes. We used Wantai ELISA (Wantai Biologic Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Ltd., Bejiing, China) to test 92 randomly selected samples for HEV IgG, which showed concordant results (data not shown) (8). We also used the Wantai ELISA for the detection of HEV IgM; this test has a sensitivity of 97.1% (95% CI 94.6%–98.5%) and a specificity ranging from 95.3% in serum samples from patients with acute hepatitis A to 100% in healthy donors (http://www.ystwt.cn/IFU/HEV/HEV-IgM_CE.pdf). The HEV IgM positive samples were tested twice for accuracy. All tests were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions; positive and negative controls were used in each plate. Figure Age and sex distributions and HEV test results for blood donor population, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2014. A) All blood donors. Women: mean age 29.62 y, median 27 y, range 17–58 y; men: mean age 29.86 y, median 27 y, range 15–70 y. B) ... The prevalence of HEV IgG was 39.0% (95% CI 36.5%–41.5%) by using Dia.Pro ELISA (Figure, panel B). This prevalence was twice that found in 2012 (8), but such wide variations were commonly found in Africa (9). In France, prevalence ranged widely, from 10% in the north to 52% in the south (6). HEV IgG prevalence increased significantly with age (p
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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