Diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease in the Middle East and its shared pathological mediators
| Autor: | Rami Beiram, Sheikh Azimullah, Richard L. Jayaraj |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
GSK-3β
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta 0106 biological sciences 0301 basic medicine MRI Magnetic resonance imaging ECE-1 Endotherin converting enzyme 1 IR Insulin receptor Type 2 diabetes Disease Bioinformatics 01 natural sciences LPA Lipophosphatidic acid Diabetes mellitus BACE1 Beta-secretase 1 Arab population ADAMTS9 ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 9 Medicine Glucose homeostasis lcsh:QH301-705.5 MC4R Melanocortin 4 receptor IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1 NDUFS3 NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit S3 biology NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells RAB1A Ras-related protein 1A Insulin signaling FRMD4A FERM Domain Containing 4A NFT Neurofibrillary tangles TFAP2B Transcription Factor AP-2 Beta BBB Blood-Brain Barrier Pit-PET Pittsburgh compound B- positron emission tomography FDG-PET Fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography Anti-diabetic drugs T1DM Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus PP2A Protein phosphatase 2 ApoE Apolipoprotein E General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Alzheimer’s disease IR Insulin resistance MCI Myocardial infarction TCF7L2 Transcription Factor 7 Like 2 PI3K Phosphoinositide-3 NOTCH4 Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 AGPAT1 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha BMI Body mass index MENA Middle East North African AAV Adeno-associated virus AD Alzheimer’s disease Article CALR calreticulin gene 03 medical and health sciences Insulin resistance FTO Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene GLP-1 Glucagon like peptide Dementia Aβ Amyloid-beta SORT Sortilin PPAR-γ2 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 CSF Cerebrospinal fluid MG-H1 Methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone isomer trifluoroactic acid salt COX-2 Cyclooxygenase 2 business.industry DM Diabetes mellitus STZ Streptozotocin medicine.disease CIP2A Cancerous Inhibitor Of Protein Phosphatase 2A Obesity Insulin receptor 030104 developmental biology DUSP9 Dual Specificity Phosphatase 9 lcsh:Biology (General) ABCA1 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 IDE Insulin degrading enzyme biology.protein GNPDA2 Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 business T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 27, Iss 2, Pp 736-750 (2020) Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |
| Popis: | The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has risen exponentially worldwide over the past decade. A growing body of research indicates that AD is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and suggests that impaired insulin signaling acts as a crucial risk factor in determining the progression of this devastating disease. Many studies suggest people with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, are at higher risk of eventually developing Alzheimer's dementia or other dementias. Despite nationwide efforts to increase awareness, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has risen significantly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region which might be due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, lack of physical activity and rise in obesity. Growing body of evidence indicates that DM and AD are linked because both conditions involve impaired glucose homeostasis and altered brain function. Current theories and hypothesis clearly implicate that defective insulin signaling in the brain contributes to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits in AD. In the periphery, low-grade chronic inflammation leads to insulin resistance followed by tissue deterioration. Thus insulin resistance acts as a bridge between DM and AD. There is pressing need to understand on how DM increases the risk of AD as well as the underlying mechanisms, due to the projected increase in age related disorders. Here we aim to review the incidence of AD and DM in the Middle East and the possible link between insulin signaling and ApoE carrier status on Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We also critically reviewed mutation studies in Arab population which might influence DM induced AD. In addition, recent clinical trials and animal studies conducted to evaluate the efficiency of anti-diabetic drugs have been reviewed. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, Insulin signaling, Arab population, Anti-diabetic drugs |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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