Occurrence of Legionella spp. in Water-Main Biofilms from Two Drinking Water Distribution Systems
| Autor: | Raymond M. Hozalski, Michael B. Waak, Timothy M. LaPara, Cynthia Hallé |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Legionella 030106 microbiology chemistry.chemical_element Distribution system 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Tap water Water Supply Chlorine Environmental Chemistry Food science Total organic carbon Chloramine biology Norway Drinking Water Biofilm General Chemistry biology.organism_classification Europe 030104 developmental biology chemistry Biofilms Water Microbiology Bacteria |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology. 52:7630-7639 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
| Popis: | The maintenance of a chlorine or chloramine residual to suppress waterborne pathogens in drinking water distribution systems is common practice in the United States but less common in Europe. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Bacteria and Legionella spp. in water-main biofilms and tap water from a chloraminated distribution system in the United States and a system in Norway with no residual using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Despite generally higher temperatures and assimilable organic carbon levels in the chloraminated system, total Bacteria and Legionella spp. were significantly lower in water-main biofilms and tap water of that system (p < 0.05). Legionella spp. were not detected in the biofilms of the chloraminated system (0 of 35 samples) but were frequently detected in biofilms from the no-residual system (10 of 23 samples; maximum concentration = 7.8 × 104 gene copies cm–2). This investigation suggests water-main biofilms may serve as a source of Legionell... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|