Autoimmune Diseases in Patients with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency—Our Current State of Knowledge

Autor: Blazej Meczekalski, Roman Smolarczyk, Anna Calik-Ksepka, Anna Szeliga, Anna Kostrzak, Ewa Rudnicka, Marzena Maciejewska-Jeske, Katarzyna Smolarczyk, Monika Grymowicz
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Pediatrics
medicine.medical_specialty
endocrine system
endocrine system diseases
Menopause
Premature
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Disease
Review
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Catalysis
Autoimmune Diseases
lcsh:Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Oophoritis
Humans
Medicine
Hashimoto Disease
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Polyendocrinopathies
Autoimmune
Amenorrhea
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
Premature Menopause
Autoantibodies
030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine
Hashimoto disease
business.industry
POI
Ovary
Organic Chemistry
Thyroid
autoimmune
General Medicine
medicine.disease
Anti-thyroid autoantibodies
Computer Science Applications
Premature ovarian failure
medicine.anatomical_structure
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Female
business
APS
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 2594, p 2594 (2021)
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), previously known as premature ovarian failure or premature menopause, is defined as loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. The risk of POI before the age of 40 is 1%. Clinical symptoms develop as a result of estrogen deficiency and may include amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, vasomotor instability (hot flushes, night sweats), sleep disturbances, vulvovaginal atrophy, altered urinary frequency, dyspareunia, low libido, and lack of energy. Most causes of POI remain undefined, however, it is estimated that anywhere from 4–30% of cases are autoimmune in origin. As the ovaries are a common target for autoimmune attacks, an autoimmune etiology of POI should always be considered, especially in the presence of anti-oocyte antibodies (AOAs), autoimmune diseases, or lymphocytic oophoritis in biopsy. POI can occur in isolation, but is often associated with other autoimmune conditions. Concordant thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and Grave’s disease are most commonly seen. Adrenal autoimmune disorders are the second most common disorders associated with POI. Among women with diabetes mellitus, POI develops in roughly 2.5%. Additionally, autoimmune-related POI can also present as part of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS), a condition in which autoimmune activity causes specific endocrine organ damage. In its most common presentation (type-3), APS is associated with Hashomoto’s type thyroid antibodies and has a prevalence of 10–40%. 21OH-Antibodies in Addison’s disease (AD) can develop in association to APS-2.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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