Increased blood cadmium levels were not associated with increased fracture risk but with increased total mortality in women: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
| Autor: | Louise M.E. Moberg, Christer Borgfeldt, Gunnar Engström, Peter M. Nilsson, Gerd Sallsten, Göran Samsioe, Lars Barregard |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Fracture risk Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Population 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Kaplan-Meier Estimate 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment Body Mass Index 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Diet and cancer Diabetes mellitus Internal medicine medicine Humans Women Stomach Ulcer Mortality education Survival analysis 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Sweden education.field_of_study Proportional hazards model business.industry Gastric ulcer Hazard ratio Smoking Age Factors Middle Aged Confidence interval Endocrinology Cohort Original Article Female business Body mass index Osteoporotic Fractures Cadmium Follow-Up Studies |
| Zdroj: | Osteoporosis International |
| ISSN: | 1433-2965 0937-941X |
| Popis: | Summary This study aimed to investigate if high levels of blood cadmium at baseline were associated with increased fracture risk during follow-up in middle-aged women. No increased fracture risk was observed during follow-up, but women with higher levels of cadmium had an increased overall mortality. Introduction Exposure to high levels of cadmium has been associated with an increased fracture risk. The aim was to investigate a perceived association between low levels of blood cadmium (B-Cd) at baseline and risk of first incident fracture. Methods From the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study Cardiovascular cohort, 2920 middle-aged women with available background questionnaire and B-Cd measurements were included. Women were divided into quartiles (Q) according to their cadmium levels (Cd-Q1 0.51 μg/L). National registries were analysed for prospective risk of fractures or death. Associations between B-Cd and fracture risk were assessed by survival analysis (Cox regression analysis). Results In total, 998 first incident fractures occurred in women during a follow-up lasting 20.2 years (median) (12.5–21.2 years) (25th–75th percentile). Women in Cd-Q4 were more often current smokers than in Cd-Q1 78.4 vs. 3.3% (p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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