Deriving Fire Behavior Metrics from UAS Imagery
| Autor: | Russell A. Parsons, Carl Seielstad, Valentijn Hoff, Tim Wallace, Christopher J. Moran, LLoyd Queen, Matthew R. Cunningham, Katie Sauerbrey |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
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thermal imagery 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences analytical units QC1-999 Terrain Environmental Science (miscellaneous) 01 natural sciences fire rate of spread spatial autocorrelation pseudo-replication drones Flanking maneuver Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Statistical analysis Safety Risk Reliability and Quality Spatial analysis 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Remote sensing 040101 forestry Pixel Physics Forestry 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Building and Construction Vegetation 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Safety Research Fire behavior |
| Zdroj: | Fire Volume 2 Issue 2 Fire, Vol 2, Iss 2, p 36 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2571-6255 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/fire2020036 |
| Popis: | The emergence of affordable unmanned aerial systems (UAS) creates new opportunities to study fire behavior and ecosystem pattern&mdash process relationships. A rotor-wing UAS hovering above a fire provides a static, scalable sensing platform that can characterize terrain, vegetation, and fire coincidently. Here, we present methods for collecting consistent time-series of fire rate of spread (RoS) and direction in complex fire behavior using UAS-borne NIR and Thermal IR cameras. We also develop a technique to determine appropriate analytical units to improve statistical analysis of fire-environment interactions. Using a hybrid temperature-gradient threshold approach with data from two prescribed fires in dry conifer forests, the methods characterize complex interactions of observed heading, flanking, and backing fires accurately. RoS ranged from 0&ndash 2.7 m/s. RoS distributions were all heavy-tailed and positively-skewed with area-weighted mean spread rates of 0.013&ndash 0.404 m/s. Predictably, the RoS was highest along the primary vectors of fire travel (heading fire) and lower along the flanks. Mean spread direction did not necessarily follow the predominant head fire direction. Spatial aggregation of RoS produced analytical units that averaged 3.1&ndash 35.4% of the original pixel count, highlighting the large amount of replicated data and the strong influence of spread rate on unit size. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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