Apoptosis and necrosis: two different outcomes of cigarette smoke condensate-induced endothelial cell death
| Autor: | Christian Ploner, David Bernhard, Birgitta Winter, Jennifer Gebetsberger, Anneliese Steinacher-Nigisch, Stefan Schwaiger, Eva Eichmair, Günther Laufer, Sandra Frotschnig, Barbara Messner |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Cancer Research
Programmed cell death Necrosis cigarette smoke condensate DNA damage Immunology Biology necrosis Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Tar (tobacco residue) BCL-XL Tobacco medicine Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Humans Cells Cultured chemistry.chemical_classification Reactive oxygen species P53 Cell Death Smoking apoptosis Apoptosis Inducing Factor Cell Biology Endothelial stem cell chemistry Apoptosis Cancer research Apoptosis-inducing factor Original Article medicine.symptom atherosclerosis Reactive Oxygen Species DNA Damage |
| Zdroj: | Cell Death & Disease |
| ISSN: | 2041-4889 |
| Popis: | Cigarette smoking is one of the most important and preventable risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, because of the complex composition of cigarette smoke, the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Based on controversial reports on the pro-atherogenic activity of cigarette smoke condensate, also called tar fraction (CSC), we decided to analyse the effects of CSC on the viability of endothelial cells in vitro. The results of this study show that low concentrations of the hydrophobic tar fraction induces DNA damage resulting in a P53-dependent and BCL-XL-inhibitable death cascade. Western blot analyses showed that this cascade is caspase-independent and immunofluorescence analysis have shown that the apoptotic death signalling is mediated by the release of apoptosis-inducing factor. Higher CSC concentrations also induce apoptotic-like signalling but the signalling cascade is then redirected to necrosis. Despite the fact that CSC induces a profound increase in cellular reactive oxygen species production, antioxidants exhibit only a minimal cell death protective effect. Our data indicates that not only hydrophilic constituents of cigarette smoke extract, but also CSC is harmful to endothelial cells. The mode and the outcome of CSC-induced cell death signalling are highly concentration dependent: lower concentrations induce caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death, whereas incubation with higher concentrations interrupts apoptotic signalling and induces necrosis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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