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The present study highlighting on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. The cell filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum reacted with 1 mM silver nitrate solution, resulting the formation of silver nanoparticles within 3 hours. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by Visual analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 440nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy. TEM showed polydisperse spherical and occasionally ellipsoid nanoparticles in the size range from 19-63 nm and average size 34.77 nm. Disease free healthy looking seeds of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and Soybean (Glycine max) per-soaked in 3 days old silver nanoparticles solution of Trichoderma harzianum for 2hr and 5hr soaking period and. It is clear form the result that percentage of seed germination was enhanced irrespective of the myco-synthesized silver nanoparticles solution. T. harzianum synthesized silver nanoparticles showed increase in percentage of seed germination with increased in soaking time of silver nanoparticles solution. T. harzianum synthesized silver nanoparticles observed optimistic effect on seed germination. Therefore biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have biological assay used in agricultural purposes to increases the viability of seeds. Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Trichoderma harzianum, Transmission electron microscopy, Seed germination, biological assay. Ahmad, A., Mukherjee P., Senapati, S., Mandal, D., Khan, M., Kumar R., Sastry M., 2003. Extracellular Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporium. Colloid Surface, 28, 313, Ahmad, A., Mukherjee, P., Mandal, D., Senapati, S., Khan, M., Kumar, R., Sastry, M. 2002. Enzyme Mediated Extracellular Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of American Chemical Society. 124; 120108-12109. Ahmad, A., Mukherjee, P.Senapati, S., Mandal, D., Khan, M.I., Kumar, R. and Sastry, M. 2003. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 28:313-318. Anand KR. Thakur and Nanda Ghosh. 2014. Correlation between ecological factors and diversity of Agylla remelana, moore (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Bariyatu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Biolife. 2(2);415-419. Bansal, V., Rautaray, D., Ahmed, A. and Sastry, M. 2004. Biosynthesis of Zirconia nanoparticles using fungus Fusarium oxysporum. J. of Materials Chemistry. 14:3303-3305. Banu A and Rathod V. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by Rhizopus stolonifer, International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 2: 5. Estari Mamidala, Rajendra Prasad Gujjeti, Sainath Namthabad, 2014. Calotropis gigantea flowers extracts with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activity. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3 (9), 1016-1022. Gade A., Bonde P., Ingle A., Marcato P., Duran N., Rai M. 2008. Exploitation of Aspergillus niger for synthesis of silver nanoparticles,” J. Biobased. Mater. Biener, 2, 243. Gajbhiye M., Kesharwani J, Ingle A., Gade A., Rai, M. 2009. Fungus mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic fungi in combination with fluconazole,” Nanomedicine: Nanotech. Bio. And Med. 5, 383. Ingle A., Gade A., Pierrat S., Sonnichsen C., Rai M. 2008. Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium acuminatum and its activity against some human pathogenic bacteria, Curr. Nanosci. 4, 141. Ingle I., Gade A., Bawaskar M., Rai M. (2011). Fusarium solani a novel biological agent for the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. J. Nanopart. Res. 11, 2079. Kathiresan K., Manivannan S., Nabeel M.A., Dhivya B. 2009. Studies on silver nanoparticles synthesized by a marine fungus, Penicillium fellutanum isolated from coastal mangrove sediment,” Colloid surface B. 71, 13. Maliszewska J, Szewczyk K and Haszak K. 2008. Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. Journal of Physics : Conference Series, 146. 012025. Mukherjee P, Roy M, Mandal B, Dey G, Mukherjee P, Ghatak J, Tyagi A, Kale S. 2008. Green synthesis of highly Stabilized nanocrystalline silver particles by a non- pathogenic and agriculturally important fungus T. asperellum. IOP publishing Nanotechnology journal, 19: 075103(7pp). Narayanan K. and N. Sakthivel, 2008. Coriander leaf mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles, Materials Letters, 62, 4588. Philip D. 2010. Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 42, 5, 1417. Verma V., Karwar R. and Gange A. 2010. Biosynthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus clavatus. Nanomedicine (Lond), 5(1), 33. |
