The Bacterial Community Structure and Microbial Activity in a Traditional Organic Milpa Farming System Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions
| Autor: | Selene Gómez-Acata, Elizabeth González-Terreros, Luc Dendooven, Luis M. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Daniel A. Ramirez-Villanueva, Arit S. de León-Lorenzana, Blanca Ramírez-Barajas, Juan U. Macedas-Jímenez, Mariela H. Fuentes-Ponce, Yendi E. Navarro-Noya, Iván P. Moreno-Espíndola, Marco Luna-Guido, María Jesús Ferrara-Guerrero |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) lcsh:QR1-502 complex mixtures Microbiology lcsh:Microbiology Field capacity Minimum tillage 03 medical and health sciences Gemmatimonadetes Water content milpa agricultural system Original Research C and N mineralization biology Chemistry 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Mineralization (soil science) inorganic and organic fertilizer biology.organism_classification enzyme activity crop rotation and maize monoculture Tillage 030104 developmental biology Agronomy Soil water 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Monoculture |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 9 (2018) Frontiers in Microbiology |
| ISSN: | 1664-302X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02737 |
| Popis: | Agricultural practices affect the bacterial community structure, but how they determine the response of the bacterial community to drought, is still largely unknown. Conventional cultivated soil, i.e., inorganic fertilization, tillage, crop residue removal and maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture, and traditional organic farmed soil “milpa,” i.e., minimum tillage, rotation of maize, pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and organic fertilization were sampled. Both soils from the central highlands of Mexico were characterized and incubated aerobically at 5% field capacity (5%FC) and 100% field capacity (FC) for 45 days, while the C and N mineralization, enzyme activity and the bacterial community structure were monitored. After applying the different agricultural practices 3 years, the organic C content was 1.8-times larger in the milpa than in the conventional cultivated soil, the microbial biomass C 1.3-times, and C and N mineralization 2.0-times (mean for soil incubated at 5%FC and FC). The dehydrogenase, activity was significantly higher in the conventional cultivated soil than in the milpa soil when incubated at 5%FC, but not when incubated at FC. The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was larger in the conventional cultivated soil than in the milpa soil in soil both at 5%FC and FC, while that of Bacteroidetes showed an opposite trend. The relative abundance of other groups, such as Nitrospirae and Proteobacteria, was affected by cultivation technique, but controlled by soil water content. The relative abundance of other groups, e.g., FBP, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria, was affected by water content, but the effect depended on agricultural practice. For soil incubated at FC, the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism related functions were higher in the milpa soil than in the conventional cultivated soil, and carbohydrate metabolism showed an opposite trend. It was found that agricultural practices and soil water content had a strong effect on soil characteristics, C and N mineralization, enzyme activity, and the bacterial community structure and its functionality. Decreases or increases in the relative abundance of bacterial groups when the soil water content decreased, i.e., from FC to 5%FC, was defined often by the cultivation technique, and the larger organic matter content in the milpa soil did not prevent large changes in the bacterial community structure when the soil was dried. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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