Establishment of correctly focused eyes may not require visual input in arthropods
| Autor: | Elke K. Buschbeck, Isaiah Giordullo, Madeline Owens |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
genetic structures Physiology 030310 physiology media_common.quotation_subject Sarcophagidae Emmetropia Phidippus audax Aquatic Science 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Ommatidium biology.animal medicine Contrast (vision) Animals Molecular Biology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics media_common 0303 health sciences biology Ophthalmoscopes Vertebrate Spiders biology.organism_classification eye diseases Thermonectus marmoratus Coleoptera medicine.anatomical_structure Evolutionary biology Insect Science Lens (anatomy) Larva Instar Animal Science and Zoology sense organs |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of experimental biology. 223(Pt 1) |
| ISSN: | 1477-9145 |
| Popis: | For proper function, vertebrate and invertebrate visual systems must be able to achieve and maintain emmetropia, a state where distant objects are in focus on the retina. In vertebrates, this is accomplished through a combination of genetic control during early development and homeostatic visual input that fine-tunes the optics of the eye. While emmetropization has long been researched in vertebrates, it is largely unknown how emmetropia is established in arthropods. We used a micro-ophthalmoscope to directly measure how the lens projects images onto the retina in the eyes of small, live arthropods, allowing us to compare the refractive states of light-reared and dark-reared arthropods. First, we measured the image-forming larval eyes of diving beetles (Thermonectus marmoratus), which are known to grow rapidly and dramatically between larval instars. Then, we measured the image-forming principal anterior-median eyes of jumping spiders (Phidippus audax) after emergence from their egg cases. Finally, we measured individual ommatidia in the compound eyes of flesh flies (Sarcophaga bullata) that had developed and emerged under either light or dark conditions. Surprisingly, and in sharp contrast to vertebrates, our data for this diverse set of arthropods suggest that visual input is inconsequential in regard to achieving well-focused eyes. Although it remains unclear whether visual input that is received after the initial development further improves focusing, these results suggest that at least the initial coordination between the lens refractive power and eye size in arthropods may be more strongly predetermined by developmental factors than is typically the case in vertebrates. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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