Emerging role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
| Autor: | Oronzo Brunetti, Antonella Argentiero, Antonella Licchetta, Antonio Gnoni, Vito Longo, Antonio Giovanni Solimando, Sabina Del Curatolo, Riccardo Memeo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Oncology
Sorafenib Medicine (General) medicine.medical_specialty Carcinoma Hepatocellular Cabozantinib Immune microenvironment Immune checkpoint inhibitors immune microenvironment Pembrolizumab Review Ramucirumab immune checkpoint inhibitors chemistry.chemical_compound R5-920 Internal medicine Regorafenib medicine Humans HCC Protein Kinase Inhibitors oncology_oncogenics nivolumab business.industry Phenylurea Compounds Liver Neoplasms General Medicine hepatocellular carcinoma medicine.disease targeted therapies chemistry Hepatocellular carcinoma Cancer research Quinolines pembrolizumab Nivolumab Lenvatinib business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Medicina Medicina, Vol 55, Iss 10, p 698 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 1648-9144 |
| Popis: | Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. A total of 70–80% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a dismal prognosis. Sorafenib had been the standard care for almost a decade until 2018 when the Food and Drug Administration approved an alternative first-line agent namely lenvatinib. Cabozantinib, regorafenib, and ramucirumab also displayed promising results in second line settings. FOLFOX4, however, results in an alternative first-line treatment for the Chinese clinical oncology guidelines. Moreover, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, two therapeutics against the Programmed death (PD)-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD1 axis have been recently approved for subsequent-line therapy. However, similar to other solid tumors, the response rate of single agent targeting PD-L1/PD1 axis is low. Therefore, a lot of combinatory approaches are under investigation, including the combination of different immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the addition of ICIs after resection or during loco-regional therapy, ICIs in addition to kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapeutics, and others. This review focuses on the use of ICIs for the hepatocellular carcinoma with a careful assessment of new ICIs-based combinatory approaches. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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