In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tiacumicins B and C against Clostridium difficile
| Autor: | N C Ramer, C. W. Hanson, R N Swanson, P B Fernandes, Dwight J. Hardy, J J Clement, Nathan L. Shipkowitz |
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| Rok vydání: | 1991 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.drug_class Antibiotics Biological Availability Microbial Sensitivity Tests Microbiology Mice In vivo Cricetinae medicine Animals Pharmacology (medical) Fidaxomicin Colitis Cecum Enterocolitis Pseudomembranous Pharmacology Mesocricetus biology Clostridioides difficile Drug Resistance Microbial Pseudomembranous colitis Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Clostridium difficile biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Anti-Bacterial Agents Aminoglycosides Infectious Diseases Vancomycin Macrolides Research Article medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 35:1108-1111 |
| ISSN: | 1098-6596 0066-4804 |
| DOI: | 10.1128/aac.35.6.1108 |
| Popis: | Tiacumicins B and C are members of a novel group of 18-membered macrolide antibiotics with in vitro activity against Clostridium difficile. The MICs against 15 strains of C. difficile were 0.12 to 0.25 microgram/ml for tiacumicin B, 0.25 to 1 microgram/ml for tiacumicin C, and 0.5 to 1 microgram/ml for vancomycin. The resistance frequency for both compounds against C. difficile was less than 2.8 x 10(-8) at four and eight times the MIC. The in vivo activities of the tiacumicins against two strains of C. difficile were compared with that of vancomycin in a hamster model of antibiotic-associated colitis. Oral therapy with 0.2, 1, or 5 mg of tiacumicin B or C per kg of body weight protected 100% of clindamycin-treated hamsters exposed to C. difficile ATCC 9689. Oral treatment with identical doses of vancomycin produced a prolonged, dose-dependent survival of hamsters, but it did not prevent the development of fatal colitis at doses of up to 5 mg/kg. When clindamycin-treated animals were exposed to another strain of C. difficile, both tiacumicin B and vancomycin were protective at 5 mg/kg, but not at lower doses. Tiacumicin C was not tested in vivo against the second strain of C. difficile. No tiacumicin B or C was detected in the sera of hamsters treated with single oral doses of 25 mg/kg, while antibiotic levels in the ceca of these hamsters reached 248 micrograms/ml and 285 mg/ml for tiacumicins B and C, respectively. The tiacumicins demonstrated in vitro and in vivo potencies against C. difficile and achieved high concentrations in the cecum, but not the serum, of hamsters after oral administration. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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