Neuroanatomic Connectivity of the Human Ascending Arousal System Critical to Consciousness and Its Disorders
| Autor: | Rebecca D. Folkerth, Emi Takahashi, Thomas Benner, Brian L. Edlow, Guangping Dai, David M. Greer, Hannah C. Kinney, Ona Wu, Steven M. Greenberg, Patricia Ellen Grant, Lihong Bu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Consciousness Thalamus Hypothalamus Pyramidal Tracts Article Pathology and Forensic Medicine Arousal Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Prosencephalon Neural Pathways Cadaver Image Processing Computer-Assisted medicine Humans Neurotransmitter Agents Dissection food and beverages General Medicine Anatomy Middle Aged biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition carbohydrates (lipids) Neuroanatomy Diffusion Tensor Imaging medicine.anatomical_structure Neurology Consciousness Disorders Female Autopsy Neurology (clinical) Brainstem Psychology Reticular activating system Neuroscience Brain Stem Diffusion MRI Tractography |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 71:531-546 |
| ISSN: | 1554-6578 0022-3069 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182588293 |
| Popis: | The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) mediates arousal, an essential component of human consciousness. Lesions of the ARAS cause coma, the most severe disorder of consciousness. Because of current methodological limitations, including of postmortem tissue analysis, the neuroanatomic connectivity of the human ARAS is poorly understood. We applied the advanced imaging technique of high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) to elucidate the structural connectivity of the ARAS in 3 adult human brains, 2 of which were imaged postmortem. High angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography identified the ARAS connectivity previously described in animals and also revealed novel human pathways connecting the brainstem to the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the basal forebrain. Each pathway contained different distributions of fiber tracts from known neurotransmitter-specific ARAS nuclei in the brainstem. The histologically guided tractography findings reported here provide initial evidence for human-specific pathways of the ARAS. The unique composition of neurotransmitter-specific fiber tracts within each ARAS pathway suggests structural specializations that subserve the different functional characteristics of human arousal. This ARAS connectivity analysis provides proof of principle that HARDI tractography may affect the study of human consciousness and its disorders, including in neuropathologic studies of patients dying in coma and the persistent vegetative state. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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