Specific Guanosines in the HIV-2 Leader RNA are Essential for Efficient Viral Genome Packaging
| Autor: | Yang Liu, Wei-Shau Hu, Alice Duchon, Olga A. Nikolaitchik, Chijioke N. Umunnakwe, Jianbo Chen, Sheikh Abdul Rahman, Vinay K. Pathak, S.-H. Sheldon Tai |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Untranslated region
Gene Expression Regulation Viral Viral protein HIV Infections Genome Viral Biology medicine.disease_cause Virus Replication Genome gag Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virus Article Cell Line 03 medical and health sciences Viral genome packaging 0302 clinical medicine Structural Biology Murine leukemia virus medicine Humans Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology Genetics 0303 health sciences Base Sequence Guanosine Virus Assembly RNA Viral Genome Packaging biology.organism_classification Viral replication HIV-2 Mutation Nucleic Acid Conformation RNA Viral 5' Untranslated Regions 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | J Mol Biol |
| ISSN: | 1089-8638 |
| Popis: | HIV-2, a human pathogen that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is distinct from the more prevalent HIV-1 in several features including its evolutionary history and certain aspects of viral replication. Like other retroviruses, HIV-2 packages two copies of full-length viral RNA during virus assembly and efficient genome encapsidation is mediated by the viral protein Gag. We sought to define cis-acting elements in the HIV-2 genome that are important for the encapsidation of full-length RNA into viral particles. Based on previous studies of murine leukemia virus and HIV-1, we hypothesized that unpaired guanosines in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) play an important role in Gag:RNA interactions leading to genome packaging. To test our hypothesis, we targeted 18 guanosines located in 9 sites within the HIV-2 5' UTR and performed substitution analyses. We found that mutating as few as three guanosines significantly reduce RNA packaging efficiency. However, not all guanosines examined have the same effect; instead, a hierarchical order exists wherein a primary site, a secondary site, and three tertiary sites are identified. Additionally, there are functional overlaps in these sites and mutations of more than one site can act synergistically to cause genome packaging defects. These studies demonstrate the importance of specific guanosines in HIV-2 5'UTR in mediating genome packaging. Our results also demonstrate an interchangeable and hierarchical nature of guanosine-containing sites, which was not previously established, thereby revealing key insights into the replication mechanisms of HIV-2. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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