Insights into non-classic and emerging causes of hypopituitarism
| Autor: | Marina Caputo, Chiara Mele, Gianluca Aimaretti, Flavia Prodam, Paolo Marzullo |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Adenoma Traumatic brain injury Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism medicine.medical_treatment 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Hypopituitarism Endocrine System Diseases Oxytocin Bioinformatics 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Hypothyroidism Posterior pituitary Brain Injuries Traumatic medicine Humans Autoimmune Hypophysitis Pituitary Neoplasms Hypophysitis Dwarfism Pituitary Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors business.industry Hypogonadism Oxytocin secretion Empty Sella Syndrome Genetic Diseases Inborn Cancer Subarachnoid Hemorrhage medicine.disease Hypoglycemia Radiation therapy 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Etiology business Pituitary Apoplexy |
| Zdroj: | Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology. |
| ISSN: | 1662-4009 |
| Popis: | Hypopituitarism is defined as one or more partial or complete pituitary hormone deficiencies, which are related to the anterior and/or posterior gland and can have an onset in childhood or adulthood. The most common aetiology is a sellar or suprasellar lesion, often an adenoma, which causes hypopituitarism due to tumour mass effects, or the effects of surgery and/or radiation therapy. However, other clinical conditions, such as traumatic brain injury, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, can result in hypopituitarism, and there are also genetic causes of hypopituitarism. Furthermore, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer is increasing the risk of hypopituitarism, with a pattern of hormone defects that is different from the classic patterns and depends on mechanisms that are specific for each drug. Moreover, autoantibody production against the pituitary and hypothalamus has been demonstrated in studies investigating the development or worsening of some cases of hypopituitarism. Finally, evidence suggests that posterior pituitary damage can affect oxytocin secretion. The aim of this Review is to summarize current knowledge on non-classic and emerging causes of hypopituitarism, so as to help clinicians improve early identification, avoid life-threatening events and improve the clinical care and quality of life of patients at risk of hypopituitarism. This Review summarizes current knowledge on non-classic and less common causes of hypopituitarism, such as traumatic brain injury, genetic causes, use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, emerging evidence that posterior pituitary damage can affect oxytocin secretion is highlighted. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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