Molecular typing of environmentalCryptococcus neoformans/C. gattiispecies complex isolates from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Autor:	José Felipe de Souza Pinheiro, João Vicente Braga de Souza, Amaury dos Santos Bentes, Bodo Wanke, Ani Beatriz Jackisch-Matsuura, Takeshi Matsuura, Gleica Soyan Barbosa Alves, Ana Karla Lima Freire
Rok vydání:	2016
Předmět:	0301 basic medicine Disease reservoir Antifungal Agents 030106 microbiology 030231 tropical medicine Cryptococcus Dermatology Polymerase Chain Reaction Trees Microbiology Birds Feces 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Amphotericin B Environmental Microbiology medicine Animals Humans Mycological Typing Techniques Fluconazole Cryptococcus gattii Etest Disease Reservoirs Cryptococcus neoformans biology Cryptococcosis General Medicine biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Spore Molecular Typing Ketoconazole Infectious Diseases Itraconazole Brazil Polymorphism Restriction Fragment Length medicine.drug
Zdroj:	Mycoses. 59:509-515
ISSN:	0933-7407
DOI:	10.1111/myc.12499
Popis:	Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the main causative agents of cryptococcosis, a systemic fungal disease that affects internal organs and skin, and which is acquired by inhalation of spores or encapsulated yeasts. It is currently known that the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex has a worldwide distribution, however, some molecular types seem to prevail in certain regions. Few environmental studies of Cryptococcus have been conducted in the Brazilian Amazon. This is the first ecological study of the pathogenic fungi C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex in the urban area of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 506 samples from pigeon droppings (n = 191), captive bird droppings (n = 60) and tree hollows (n = 255) were collected from June 2012 to January 2014 at schools and public buildings, squares, pet shops, households, the zoo and the bus station. Samples were plated on niger seed agar (NSA) medium supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25°C for 5 days. Dark-brown colonies were isolated and tested for thermotolerance at 37°C, cycloheximide resistance and growth on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue agar. Molecular typing was done by PCR-RFLP. Susceptibility to the antifungal drugs amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was tested using Etest(®) strips. In total, 13 positive samples were obtained: one tree hollow (C. gattiiVGII), nine pigeon droppings (C. neoformansVNI) and three captive bird droppings (C. neoformansVNI). The environmental cryptococcal isolates found in this study were of the same molecular types as those responsible for infections in Manaus.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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