Predicting learning and achievement using GABA and glutamate concentrations in human development

Autor: George Zacharopoulos, Francesco Sella, Roi Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, Uzay E. Emir, Charlotte E. Hartwright
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Social Sciences
Biochemistry
Diagnostic Radiology
0302 clinical medicine
Learning and Memory
Cognition
Short Reports
Medicine and Health Sciences
Psychology
Biology (General)
Child
Materials
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
0303 health sciences
Neuronal Plasticity
General Neuroscience
Radiology and Imaging
Glutamate receptor
Neurochemistry
Neurotransmitters
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Human development (humanity)
Smart Materials
Physical Sciences
Female
Glutamate
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Human learning
medicine.drug
Adult
Adolescent
QH301-705.5
Imaging Techniques
Materials Science
Glutamic Acid
Intraparietal sulcus
Cognitive neuroscience
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
General Biochemistry
Genetics and Molecular Biology
gamma-Aminobutyric acid
03 medical and health sciences
Human Learning
Diagnostic Medicine
Sensitive periods
medicine
Learning
Humans
030304 developmental biology
General Immunology and Microbiology
Cognitive Psychology
Biology and Life Sciences
Reasoning
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cognitive Science
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Mathematics
Zdroj: PLoS Biology
PLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 7, p e3001325 (2021)
ISSN: 1545-7885
1544-9173
Popis: Previous research has highlighted the role of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in learning and plasticity. What is currently unknown is how this knowledge translates to real-life complex cognitive abilities that emerge slowly and how the link between these neurotransmitters and human learning and plasticity is shaped by development. While some have suggested a generic role of glutamate and GABA in learning and plasticity, others have hypothesized that their involvement shapes sensitive periods during development. Here we used a cross-sectional longitudinal design with 255 individuals (spanning primary school to university) to show that glutamate and GABA in the intraparietal sulcus explain unique variance both in current and future mathematical achievement (approximately 1.5 years). Furthermore, our findings reveal a dynamic and dissociable role of GABA and glutamate in predicting learning, which is reversed during development, and therefore provide novel implications for models of learning and plasticity during childhood and adulthood.
A longitudinal study of human subjects from primary school to university reveals that concentrations of GABA and glutamate in the parietal cortex predict mathematical learning and achievement. During development, the relationships between these neurotransmitters and learning are dynamic, reversing between childhood and young adulthood.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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