LC–MS/MS Analysis of the Emerging Toxin Pinnatoxin-G and High Levels of Esterified OA Group Toxins in Galician Commercial Mussels
| Autor: | Natalia Miguéns, Luis M. Botana, Inés Rodríguez, Paz Otero |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Galician mussels
animal structures Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis lcsh:Medicine Food Contamination lipophilic marine toxin levels Toxicology medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Article Matrix (chemical analysis) 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Alkaloids Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry Tandem Mass Spectrometry Okadaic Acid medicine Animals Spiro Compounds 14. Life underwater Food science Furans Shellfish 030304 developmental biology Pyrans Mytilus 0303 health sciences biology Esterification Toxin Chemistry 010401 analytical chemistry lcsh:R fungi Mussel Okadaic acid biology.organism_classification new emerging toxins 0104 chemical sciences liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) Marine Toxins Marine toxin Chromatography Liquid |
| Zdroj: | Toxins Volume 11 Issue 7 Toxins, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 394 (2019) Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela instname Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP) instacron:RCAAP |
| ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/toxins11070394 |
| Popis: | The occurrence of marine harmful algae is increasing worldwide and, therefore, the accumulation of lipophilic marine toxins from harmful phytoplankton represents a food safety threat in the shellfish industry. Galicia, which is a commercially important EU producer of edible bivalve mollusk have been subjected to recurring cases of mussel farm closures, in the last decades. This work aimed to study the toxic profile of commercial mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in order to establish a potential risk when ingested. For this, a total of 41 samples of mussels farmed in 3 Rí as (Ares-Sada, Arousa, and Pontevedra) and purchased in 5 local markets were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC&ndash MS/MS). Chromatograms showed the presence of okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2), and the emerging toxins 13-desmethyl spirolide C (SPX-13), and pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G). Quantification of each toxin was determined using their own standard calibration in the range 0.1%&ndash 50 ng/mL (R2 > 0.99) and by considering the toxin recovery (62&ndash 110%) and the matrix correction (33&ndash 211%). Data showed that OA and DTX-2 (especially in the form of esters) are the main risk in Galician mollusks, which was detected in 38 samples (93%) and 3 of them exceeded the legal limit (160 µ g/kg), followed by SPX-13 that was detected in 19 samples (46%) in quantities of up to 28.9 µ g/kg. Analysis from PTX-2, AZA-2, and PnTX-G showed smaller amounts. Fifteen samples (37%) were positive for PTX-2 (0.7&ndash 2.9 µ g/kg), 12 samples (29%) for AZA-2 (0.1&ndash 1.8 µ g/kg), and PnTX-G was detected in 5 mussel samples (12%) (0.4 µ g/kg&ndash 0.9 µ g/kg). This is the first time Galician mollusk was contaminated with PnTX-G. Despite results indicating that this toxin was not a potential risk through the mussel ingestion, it should be considered in the shellfish safety monitoring programs through the LC&ndash MS/MS methods. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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