The microbiome in respiratory medicine: current challenges and future perspectives
| Autor: | Sanjay Sethi, Alvar Agusti, Roger Paredes, Gary B. Huffnagle, Vicente Pérez Brocal, James D. Chalmers, Eric Bernasconi, Philip L. Molyneaux, Julia Ponomarenko, Chaysavanh Manichanh, Eduard Monsó, Oriol Sibila, Jordi Dorca, Rosa Faner |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory System Disease Biology Cystic fibrosis Mice Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive 03 medical and health sciences Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 0302 clinical medicine Risk Factors Terminology as Topic Proteobacteria Pulmonary Medicine medicine Animals Humans Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias Microbiome Lung 11 Medical and Health Sciences Bronchiectasis Bacteroidetes Microbiota medicine.disease biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure 030228 respiratory system Host-Pathogen Interactions Immunology Dysbiosis |
| Zdroj: | European Respiratory Journal. 49:1602086 |
| ISSN: | 1399-3003 0903-1936 |
| Popis: | The healthy lung has previously been considered to be a sterile organ because standard microbiological culture techniques consistently yield negative results. However, culture-independent techniques report that large numbers of microorganisms coexist in the lung. There are many unknown aspects in the field, but available reports show that the lower respiratory tract microbiota: 1) is similar in healthy subjects to the oropharyngeal microbiota and dominated by members of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla; 2) shows changes in smokers and well-defined differences in chronic respiratory diseases, although the temporal and spatial kinetics of these changes are only partially known; and 3) shows relatively abundant non-cultivable bacteria in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis, with specific patterns for each disease. In all of these diseases, a loss of diversity, paralleled by an over-representation of Proteobacteria (dysbiosis), has been related to disease severity and exacerbations. However, it is unknown whether dysbiosis is a cause or a consequence of the damage to bronchoalveolar surfaces.Finally, little is known about bacterial functionality and the interactions between viruses, fungi and bacteria. It is expected that future research in bacterial gene expressions, metagenomics longitudinal analysis and host–microbiome animal models will help to move towards targeted microbiome interventions in respiratory diseases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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