Pain sensitivity increases more in younger runners during an ultra-marathon
Autor: | Steven B. Hammer, Frederick F Strale, James W. Agnew, Alexandre L. Roy |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Pain Threshold 0301 basic medicine medicine.medical_specialty Population Pain Marathon Running Ultra marathon Running 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Age groups Statistical significance Internal medicine Humans Medicine Exertion education Aged education.field_of_study biology business.industry Athletes biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Conditioned pain modulation Hyperalgesia Physical Endurance Neurology (clinical) medicine.symptom business human activities 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Scandinavian Journal of Pain. 21:364-371 |
ISSN: | 1877-8879 1877-8860 |
Popis: | Objectives Ultra-endurance research interest has increased in parallel with an increased worldwide participation in these extreme activities. Pain-related data for the growing population of ultra-endurance athletes, however, is insufficient. More data is especially needed regarding the variation in the aging populations of these athletes. We have previously shown that peripheral and central pain sensitivity increases during an ultra-marathon. To further clarify these changes in pain sensitivity during ultra-endurance competition we investigated these variations in two age populations: Younger runners ≤ 39-year-old (younger) and an older group of runners being ≥ 40 years of age (older). Methods Subjects were recruited from ultra-marathon competitions held over a three-year period in Florida, USA. All courses were flat with either hard macadam surface or soft sandy trails; run in hot, humid weather conditions. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured with a pressure algometer on the distal, dominant arm before and immediately after an ultra-marathon. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was also measured pre and post, immediately after the PPT by placing the non-dominant hand in a cold-water bath maintained at 13.5 ± 1.5 °C. The difference between the pre and post measurements for both PPT and CPM were calculated and referred to as ΔPPT and ΔCPM, respectively for analysis. Data were analyzed with a Mixed 2 × 2 (Within X Between) MANOVA. Results Both PPT and CPM decreased during the ultra-marathons (p Conclusions This statistical evidence suggests that the overall increase in peripheral and possibly central pain sensitivity was different between our age groups. Pain sensitivity during the ultra-marathon increased more in our younger group of runners than in our older group. This study suggests that there is an unidentified factor in an older population of ultra-marathon runners that results in an attenuated increase in pain sensitivity during an ultra-endurance activity. These factors may include a decreased innate immune response, lower fitness level, lower exertion during the ultra-marathon, variation in endorphin, enkephalin, endocannabinoid and psychological factors in the older age runners. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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