Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Immunocompetent Patients: Virus Isolation, Genomic Integrity, and Transmission Risk
| Autor: | Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira, Débora S. Faffe, Pedro Telles Calil, Richard Araújo Maia, Orlando C. Ferreira, Diana Mariani, Victoria Cortes Bastos, Gustavo Peixoto da Silva, Luciana Jesus da Costa, Cássia Cristina Alves Gonçalves, Terezinha M. P. P. Castineiras, Luiza M. Higa, Rafael Mello Galliez, Isabela de Carvalho Leitão, Vinicius Wakoff Pereira Fonseca, Fabio L. Monteiro, Anna Carla Pinto Castiñeiras, Marcos Romário Matos de Souza, Amilcar Tanuri, Carolina M. Voloch, Isadora Alonso Correa, Liane de Jesus Ribeiro |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Adult Male Isolation (health care) COVID-19 nucleic acid testing Physiology viruses Genome Viral Microbiology Asymptomatic Virus virus shedding Serology Patient Isolation Viral Proteins Immune system Nasopharynx Genetics medicine Humans Viral shedding General Immunology and Microbiology Ecology Transmission (medicine) business.industry SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Cell Biology Genomics persistence Middle Aged Viral Load QR1-502 immunocompetent Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Immunology Female medicine.symptom business Respiratory tract Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Microbiology Spectrum Microbiology Spectrum, Vol 9, Iss 3 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2165-0497 |
| Popis: | Current guidelines for patient isolation in COVID-19 cases recommend a symptom-based approach, averting the use of control real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) testing. However, we hypothesized that patients with persistently positive results by RT-PCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could be potentially infectious for a prolonged time, even if immunocompetent and asymptomatic, which would demand a longer social isolation period than presently recommended. To test this hypothesis, 72 samples from 51 mildly symptomatic immunocompetent patients with long-lasting positive rRT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 were tested for their infectiousness in cell culture. The serological response of samples from those patients and virus genomic integrity were also analyzed. Infectious viruses were successfully isolated from 34.38% (22/64) of nasopharynx samples obtained 14 days or longer after symptom onset. Indeed, we observed successful virus isolation up to 128 days. Complete SARS-COV-2 genome integrity was demonstrated, suggesting the presence of replication-competent viruses. No correlation was found between the isolation of infectious viruses and rRT-PCR cycle threshold values or the humoral immune response. These findings call attention to the need to review current isolation guidelines, particularly in scenarios involving high-risk individuals. IMPORTANCE In this study, we evaluated mildly symptomatic immunocompetent patients with long-lasting positive rRT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2. Infectious viruses were successfully isolated in cell cultures from nasopharynx samples obtained 14 days or longer after symptom onset. Indeed, we observed successful virus isolation for up to 128 days. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 genome integrity was demonstrated by sequencing, suggesting the presence of replication-competent viruses. These data point out the risk of continuous SARS-CoV-2 transmission from patients with prolonged detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract, which has important implications for current precaution guidelines, particularly in settings where vulnerable individuals may be exposed (e.g., nursing homes and hospitals). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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