Verb 'taikyti' in texts about health: is it a necessary expansion of the meaning or incorrect use?
| Autor: | Drukteinytė, Vaida, Pagojienė, Daiva |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Res humanitariae 2021, t. 29, p. 8-22. Res Humanitariae, Klaipėda : Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla, 2021, [Nr.] 29, p. 8-22 |
| ISSN: | 2538-922X 1822-7708 |
| DOI: | 10.15181/rh.v28i0.2394 |
| Popis: | Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas lietuvių kalbos junginių, kuriuose vartojamas veiksmažodis "taikyti", taisyklingumo klausimas. Šiek tiek aptariamà semantinė šio žodžio struktūra ir nevienoda jos interpretacija lietuvių kalbos žodynuose. Remiantis iš "Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno" ir kitų šaltinių surinkta skirtingų funkcinių stilių medžiaga bei atliktos apklausos duomenimis, parodoma, kokia yra realioji dabartinė veiksmažodžio "taikyti" vartosena sveikatos (sveikatinimo) srities tekstuose, taisyklingumo požiūriu analizuojami surinkti pavyzdžiai, dėmesio skiriama probleminiams vartosenos atvejams, kurių interpretacijai reikia platesnės analizės. Tyrimu parodoma, kad dalis veiksmažodžio "taikyti" junginių, kuriuos kalbos vartotojai paprastai laiko taisyklingais, turi tinkamesnių kontekstinių atitikmenų. The verb "taikyti" (taiko, taikė) is often used with words in the accusative case in texts related to issues of health. This verb can be used with objects from various fields, such as prosthetics, massage, and other health treatments. Without the help of specific research, it is hard to know if such extensive use of phrases with the verb is a stylistic deficiency, or an incorrect understanding of its meaning. The article evaluates the syntactic and semantic use of phrases with the verb taikyti (taiko, taikė) in texts about health, and seeks to evaluate their correctness. Data was collected from the ‘Corpus of the Modern Lithuanian Language’, the ‘Corpus of the Spoken Lithuanian language’, and various Internet sites (Google search). The methods of analytical description, substitutive and component analysis, partial quantitative analysis, and a survey were applied. About 1,400 examples with the verb taikyti (taiko, taikė), and approximately the same number of contextual competitors of these phrases, were collected and analysed. The examples collected indicate that in texts about health issues, the verb taikyti is usually used in the meaning ‘to have a practical importance, to use’; for example, taikyti gydymo (sveikatos stiprinimo) metodus, and a component used in the accusative case, has semantic meanings such as [-concrete], [-living], [-person]. Among other meanings of the verb taikyti, the meaning ‘to adjust’ stands out; for example, taikyti akinius, protezus, and the component used in the accusative case has semantic meanings such as [+concrete], [-living], [-person]. The presence of other semantic components indicates the incorrect use of the language. The incorrect use of the verb taikyti can be corrected in one of three ways: 1) to reject the verb as unnecessary, for example efektyvi yra anksti pradėta taikyti trombolizė (= efektyvi yra anksti pradėta trombolizė); 2) to replace the verb with a more lively and more often used concrete verb, considering the noun used together and the context, skirti, atlikti, daryti, naudoti, etc; for example, taikyti specifinę dietą (= skirti specifinę dietą, gydyti specifine dieta, laikytis specifinės dietos); 3) to replace the verb and the noun with a more suitable verb, considering the context taikyti masažą (= masažuoti), taikyti gydymą (= gydyti), taikyti treniruotę (= treniruoti[s]). For the sake of precision in scientific and professional texts, it is necessary to use verbs with a concrete meaning, or to present the idea in such a way that the accuracy is preserved; for example, kruopšti laboratorinė kontrolė leidžia taikyti racionalų kraujo krešumą mažinantį ir trombus tirpdantį gydymą (= skirti [...] gydymą ↔ taikyti [...] gydymo metodus ↔ gydyti kraujo krešumą mažinančiomis ir trombus tirpdančiomis priemonėmis). The answers of 392 respondents show that the correctness of language phrases is directly linked to the frequency of their use. Often-used phrases are evaluated more favourably than correct but less used phrases. This indicates that professional texts should meet high standards of linguistic correctness. The tendency to simplify meaning and to use the abstract verb taikyti instead of a concrete verb is noticed not only in the spoken language. It is important to see such phrases as semantisms, because it is necessary to break the expansion of the meaning of the words, and to stop the dominant use of one variation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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