Changes in human gut microbiota composition are linked to the energy metabolic switch during 10 d of Buchinger fasting

Autor: Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo, Franziska Grundler, Yvon Le Maho, Andreas Schwiertz, Robin Mesnage
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Male
0301 basic medicine
Time Factors
Lipopolysaccharide
Endocrinology
Diabetes and Metabolism
Gut flora
Feces
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
RNA
Ribosomal
16S
BCAA
branched-chain amino acid
Nutrition and Dietetics
Fasting
Middle Aged
LBP
lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
Interleukin-10
Intestines
Postprandial
LPS
lipopolysaccharide
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Well-being
Branched-chain amino acid
Periodic fasting
Intestinal permeability
Biology
BWC
Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic
Permeability
Interferon-gamma
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
Polysaccharides
sIgA
secretory IgA
Internal medicine
Dietary Carbohydrates
medicine
Humans
EDN
eosinophil-derived neurotoxin
Aged
Inflammation
Buchinger fasting
Bacteria
Interleukin-6
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Lachnospiraceae
Bacteroidetes
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gastrointestinal Tract
030104 developmental biology
Endocrinology
chemistry
Energy Metabolism
Amino Acids
Branched-Chain
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Food Science
Zdroj: Journal of Nutritional Science
ISSN: 2048-6790
DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.33
Popis: Fasting is increasingly popular to manage metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Despite the role that the human gut microbiota plays in health and diseases, little is known about its composition and functional capacity during prolonged fasting when the external nutrient supply is reduced or suppressed. We analysed the effects of a 10-d periodic fasting on the faecal microbiota of fifteen healthy men. Participants fasted according to the peer-reviewed Buchinger fasting guidelines, which involve a daily energy intake of about 1046 kJ (250 kcal) and an enema every 2 d. Serum biochemistry confirmed the metabolic switch from carbohydrates to fatty acids and ketones. Emotional and physical well-being were enhanced. Faecal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that fasting caused a decrease in the abundance of bacteria known to degrade dietary polysaccharides such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. There was a concomitant increase in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (Escherichia coli and Bilophila wadsworthia), known to use host-derived energy substrates. Changes in taxa abundance were associated with serum glucose and faecal branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), suggesting that fasting-induced changes in the gut microbiota are associated with host energy metabolism. These effects were reversed after 3 months. SCFA levels were unchanged at the end of the fasting. We also monitored intestinal permeability and inflammatory status. IL-6, IL-10, interferon γ and TNFα levels increased when food was reintroduced, suggesting a reactivation of the postprandial immune response. We suggest that changes in the gut microbiota are part of the physiological adaptations to a 10-d periodic fasting, potentially influencing its beneficial health effects.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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