The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature
Autor: | Izabela Gutowska, Patrycja Kapczuk, Klaudyna Kojder, Barbara Gawrońska-Szklarz, Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka, Jan Korbecki, Patrycja Kupnicka, Dariusz Chlubek |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
tumor
CXC chemokine HIF-1α Review CXCR3 NF-κB Catalysis CXCR5 SDF-1 Inorganic Chemistry lcsh:Chemistry Neoplasms Humans cancer CXC chemokine receptors Physical and Theoretical Chemistry CXCL14 Molecular Biology hypoxia-inducible factor lcsh:QH301-705.5 Spectroscopy CXCL16 Inflammation Receptors CXCR Chemotactic Factors IL-8 biology hypoxia Microcirculation Organic Chemistry Endothelial Cells NF-kappa B p50 Subunit hemic and immune systems General Medicine Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha Subunit Computer Science Applications Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic CXCL2 lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 CXCL6 Cancer research biology.protein Cytokines CXCL9 Chemokines CXC cycling hypoxia |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 843, p 843 (2021) International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
Popis: | Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors—CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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