Association between exposure to o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS riot control agent) and urinary metabolite 2-chlorohippuric acid in U.S. Army Mask Confidence Training
Autor: | Alex Stubner, Maccon A. Buchanan, William Bragg, Joseph J. Hout, Mary T. Brueggemeyer |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Male Time Factors Riot Control Agents Chemical Metabolite Urinary system 0211 other engineering and technologies 02 engineering and technology Toxicology 03 medical and health sciences Tear gas chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Animal science Occupational Exposure Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Respiratory Protective Devices Malononitrile 021110 strategic defence & security studies Creatinine o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile Chemistry Hippurates Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health U s army Middle Aged Linear relationship Military Personnel Female Urine sample Biomarkers |
Zdroj: | Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene. 14(9) |
ISSN: | 1545-9632 |
Popis: | This study was conducted among U.S. Army soldiers to evaluate the association between exposure to o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS riot control agent) and urinary metabolite 2-chlorohippuric acid (CHA) detected in test subjects (n = 87) after completion of Mask Confidence Training. CS exposures ranged 0.086-4.9 mg/m³ ([Formula: see text] = 2.7 mg/m³). CHA levels (corrected for creatinine) at 2-, 8-, 24-, and 30-hr post-exposure resulted in ranges of 94.6-1120 µg/g-cr ([Formula: see text] = 389 µg/g-cr), 15.80-1170 µg/g-cr ([Formula: see text] = 341 µg/g-cr), 4.00-53.1 µg/g-cr ([Formula: see text] = 19.3 µg/g-cr), and 1.99-28.4 µg/g-cr ([Formula: see text] = 10.6 µg/g-cr), respectively. Spearman's correlation revealed CHA levels strongly correlated with time sampled (r = -0.748, p0.05) and weakly correlated with CS concentration (r = 0.270, p0.05). A linear relationship was observed between CHA, CS concentration, and time of urine sample according to the following regression equation: ln(CHA, μg/g-cr) = 5.423 + 0.316 (CS conc., mg/m³) - 0.002 (time sampled), (R = 0.910, R² = 0.827, p0.05). This relationship suggests that CHA has the potential to be an effective retrospective indicator of CS exposure in future biomarker developments. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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